{"schema":"kbatch-writing-systems-v1","generated":"2026-07-24T03:34:02.137Z","claim":"Open Rosetta atlas of writing and record systems · Unicode samples when encoded · media systems (knot/carving) documented without inventing glyphs · educational · verify against primary epigraphy","doctrine":["open educational catalog","Unicode samples when stably encoded","full alphabet / inventory rows for every system (phonetic when known; media systems marked)","knot / bead / textile systems documented as record systems — not forced into alphabet boxes","honor-gate living First Nations orthographies & ceremonial knowledge","undeciphered scripts marked explicitly — no fake readings"],"concepts":[{"id":"sun","label":"Sun / day"},{"id":"water","label":"Water"},{"id":"person","label":"Person / human"},{"id":"house","label":"House / place"},{"id":"one","label":"One / unit"}],"counts":{"systems":92,"withUnicodeSample":73,"nonUnicodeOrMedia":23,"honorGate":5,"types":13,"media":49,"withFullAlphabet":68,"withPartialAlphabet":13,"mediaOrEmptyAlphabet":24,"withLanguageLinks":34,"living":32,"accountedSystems":92,"historicalOrUndecipheredAccounted":48,"semasiographicAccounted":8,"withRepresentation":92},"byType":{"logosyllabic":5,"mixed":2,"abugida":10,"alphabet":27,"abjad":12,"syllabary":9,"undeciphered":9,"logographic":3,"featural":2,"pictographic":4,"knot_record":1,"semasiographic":7,"tally":1},"byMedium":{"stone":53,"wood":21,"papyrus":8,"metal":11,"bone":6,"ostraca":2,"pottery":9,"clay":10,"wax":2,"leather":2,"parchment":12,"paper":43,"digital":29,"seals":2,"antler":1,"copper":2,"birch bark":2,"palm leaf":3,"wood blocks":3,"oracle bone":1,"bronze":2,"bamboo":1,"silk":1,"turtle shell":1,"cloth":4,"fans":1,"ceramic":2,"bark paper (amatl)":1,"shell":1,"amatl bark paper":1,"deerskin":2,"amatl":1,"fiber":3,"cotton":1,"camelid wool":1,"knots":1,"textile":1,"print":4,"bark":1,"shell bead":1,"skin":1,"wall":1,"calabash":1,"tablets":1,"stone seals":1,"paper emboss":1,"refreshable cells":1,"body":1,"flags":1},"byStatus":{"historical":41,"reconstructed":1,"living":32,"undeciphered":9,"ceremonial":6,"revived":3},"byRegionBucket":{"Nile Valley":1,"Egypt":3,"Nubia":1,"Mesopotamia":2,"Achaemenid Iran":1,"Ugarit":1,"Sinai":1,"Levant":2,"Near East":1,"Middle East":1,"North Africa":1,"Horn of Africa":1,"Mycenaean Greece":1,"Minoan Crete":1,"Cyprus":2,"Anatolia":1,"Greece":1,"Italy":1,"global":4,"Northern Europe":1,"Ireland":1,"Gothic peoples":1,"Slavic":1,"Eastern Europe":1,"Armenia":1,"Georgia":1,"South Asia":2,"Gandhara":1,"South India":1,"Tibet":1,"Thailand":1,"East Asia":1,"Shang China":1,"Japan":1,"Korea":1,"Southwest China":1,"Western Xia":1,"Jiangyong":1,"Yunnan":1,"Mesoamerica":1,"Central Mexico":1,"Oaxaca":2,"Isthmus of Tehuantepec":1,"Andes":2,"Southeastern / Oklahoma":1,"Canada":1,"Osage Nation":1,"Mi'kma'ki":1,"Haudenosaunee":1,"Liberia":1,"West Africa":2,"Cameroon":1,"Somalia":1,"Sierra Leone":1,"Cross River":1,"Akan":1,"Rapa Nui (Easter Island)":1,"Indus Valley":1,"Crete":1,"Utah":1,"constructed English orthography":1,"augmentative communication":1,"maritime":1,"Mongolia":2,"Carpathian Basin":1,"Northeast Asia":1,"Yuan empire":1,"Central Asia Silk Road":1,"Central Asia":1,"Iran":2,"SW Anatolia":1,"Lycia":1,"Lydia":1,"Carthage":1,"Yemen":1,"North Arabia":1,"Byblos":1,"SW Iran":1},"systems":[{"dir":"ltr","status":"living","medium":["cloth","wood","metal","digital"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"adinkra","label":"Adinkra symbols","type":"semasiographic","region":"Akan · Ghana · Côte d'Ivoire","era":"historical – present design language","unicode":{"sample":null,"note":"Adinkra wisdom emblems · not phonetic · museum/image corpora","sampleKind":"image-symbol-set","representation":"image-symbol-set","visualHint":"◈◎◇○"},"alphabet":{"kind":"media","letters":[],"complete":false,"note":"Adinkra wisdom emblems — symbol set, not phonetic alphabet.","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["ak","tw"],"linkStatus":"living-semasiographic","linkNote":"Akan design emblems · not phonetic orthography","accounted":true},{"dir":"rtl","status":"living","medium":["paper","digital"],"related":[],"languages":["ff"],"honorGate":false,"id":"adlam","label":"Adlam","type":"alphabet","region":"West Africa · Fula","era":"1980s – present","unicode":{"blocks":["Adlam"],"sample":"𞤀 𞤁 𞤂 𞤃 𞤄 𞤅 𞤆 𞤇 𞤈 𞤉 𞤊 𞤋 𞤌 𞤍 𞤎 𞤏 𞤐 𞤑 𞤒 𞤓 𞤔 𞤕 𞤖 𞤗 𞤘 𞤙 𞤚 𞤛 𞤜 𞤝 𞤞 𞤟 𞤠 𞤡 𞤢 𞤣 𞤤 𞤥 𞤦 𞤧 𞤨 𞤩 𞤪 𞤫 𞤬 𞤭 𞤮 𞤯 𞤰 𞤱 𞤲 𞤳 𞤴 𞤵 𞤶 𞤷 𞤸 𞤹 𞤺 𞤻 𞤼 𞤽 𞤾 𞤿 𞥀 𞥁 𞥂 𞥃","note":"Adlam capital + small letters","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"alphabet","letters":["𞤀","𞤁","𞤂","𞤃","𞤄","𞤅","𞤆","𞤇","𞤈","𞤉","𞤊","𞤋","𞤌","𞤍","𞤎","𞤏","𞤐","𞤑","𞤒","𞤓","𞤔","𞤕","𞤖","𞤗","𞤘","𞤙","𞤚","𞤛","𞤜","𞤝","𞤞","𞤟","𞤠","𞤡","𞤢","𞤣","𞤤","𞤥","𞤦","𞤧","𞤨","𞤩","𞤪","𞤫","𞤬","𞤭","𞤮","𞤯","𞤰","𞤱","𞤲","𞤳","𞤴","𞤵","𞤶","𞤷","𞤸","𞤹","𞤺","𞤻","𞤼","𞤽","𞤾","𞤿","𞥀","𞥁","𞥂","𞥃"],"complete":true,"note":"Adlam capital + small letters","case":"unicase","labels":null},"linkStatus":"living-iso-linked","livingLangs":["ff"],"relatedModern":["ff"]},{"dir":"ltr","status":"historical","medium":["stone","seals"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"anatolian-hieroglyphs","label":"Anatolian / Luwian hieroglyphs","type":"logosyllabic","region":"Anatolia · Hittite sphere","era":"c. 1400–700 BCE","unicode":{"blocks":["Anatolian Hieroglyphs"],"sample":"𔐀𔐁𔐂𔐃","note":"Unicode Anatolian Hieroglyphs","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"inventory","letters":["𔐀","𔐁","𔐂","𔐃","𔐄","𔐅","𔐆","𔐇","𔐈","𔐉","𔐊","𔐋","𔐌","𔐍","𔐎","𔐏","𔐐","𔐑","𔐒","𔐓","𔐔","𔐕","𔐖","𔐗","𔐘","𔐙","𔐚","𔐛","𔐜","𔐝","𔐞","𔐟","𔐠","𔐡","𔐢","𔐣","𔐤","𔐥","𔐦","𔐧","𔐨","𔐩","𔐪","𔐫","𔐬","𔐭","𔐮","𔐯","𔐰","𔐱","𔐲","𔐳","𔐴","𔐵","𔐶","𔐷","𔐸","𔐹","𔐺","𔐻","𔐼","𔐽","𔐾","𔐿","𔑀","𔑁","𔑂","𔑃","𔑄","𔑅","𔑆","𔑇","𔑈","𔑉","𔑊","𔑋","𔑌","𔑍","𔑎","𔑏","𔑐","𔑑","𔑒","𔑓","𔑔","𔑕","𔑖","𔑗","𔑘","𔑙","𔑚","𔑛","𔑜","𔑝","𔑞","𔑟","𔑠","𔑡","𔑢","𔑣","𔑤","𔑥","𔑦","𔑧","𔑨","𔑩","𔑪","𔑫","𔑬","𔑭","𔑮","𔑯","𔑰","𔑱","𔑲","𔑳","𔑴","𔑵","𔑶","𔑷","𔑸","𔑹","𔑺","𔑻","𔑼","𔑽","𔑾","𔑿","𔒀","𔒁","𔒂","𔒃","𔒄","𔒅","𔒆","𔒇","𔒈","𔒉","𔒊","𔒋","𔒌","𔒍","𔒎","𔒏","𔒐","𔒑","𔒒","𔒓","𔒔","𔒕","𔒖","𔒗","𔒘","𔒙","𔒚","𔒛","𔒜","𔒝","𔒞","𔒟","𔒠","𔒡","𔒢","𔒣","𔒤","𔒥","𔒦","𔒧","𔒨","𔒩","𔒪","𔒫","𔒬","𔒭","𔒮","𔒯","𔒰","𔒱","𔒲","𔒳","𔒴","𔒵","𔒶","𔒷","𔒸","𔒹","𔒺","𔒻","𔒼","𔒽","𔒾","𔒿","𔓀","𔓁","𔓂","𔓃","𔓄","𔓅","𔓆","𔓇","𔓈","𔓉","𔓊","𔓋","𔓌","𔓍","𔓎","𔓏","𔓐","𔓑","𔓒","𔓓","𔓔","𔓕","𔓖","𔓗","𔓘","𔓙","𔓚","𔓛","𔓜","𔓝","𔓞","𔓟","𔓠","𔓡","𔓢","𔓣","𔓤","𔓥","𔓦","𔓧","𔓨","𔓩","𔓪","𔓫","𔓬","𔓭","𔓮","𔓯","𔓰","𔓱","𔓲","𔓳","𔓴","𔓵","𔓶","𔓷","𔓸","𔓹","𔓺","𔓻","𔓼","𔓽","𔓾","𔓿"],"complete":false,"note":"Anatolian hieroglyph inventory sample (Unicode block head).","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":[],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Luwian historical","accounted":true},{"dir":"rtl","status":"living","medium":["paper","parchment","stone","digital"],"related":[],"languages":["ar","fa","ur","ps","sd","ug","ckb","ha","ff"],"honorGate":false,"id":"arabic","label":"Arabic","type":"abjad","region":"Middle East · North Africa · global","era":"c. 400 CE – present","unicode":{"blocks":["Arabic"],"sample":"ا ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ك ل م ن ه و ي ء ة ى","note":"connected forms","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"samples":[{"label":"alif–ra","text":"ابتثجحخدذر"}],"concepts":{"one":"واحد","water":"ماء","sun":"شمس","person":"إنسان"},"alphabet":{"kind":"abjad","letters":["ا","ب","ت","ث","ج","ح","خ","د","ذ","ر","ز","س","ش","ص","ض","ط","ظ","ع","غ","ف","ق","ك","ل","م","ن","ه","و","ي","ء","ة","ى"],"complete":true,"note":"28 primary letters + hamza / ta marbuta / alif maqsura","case":"unicase","labels":null},"linkStatus":"living-iso-linked","livingLangs":["ar","fa","ur","ps","sd","ug","ckb","ha","ff"],"relatedModern":["ar","fa","ur","ps","sd","ug","ckb","ha","ff"]},{"dir":"ltr","status":"living","medium":["parchment","paper","stone","digital"],"related":[],"languages":["hy"],"honorGate":false,"id":"armenian","label":"Armenian","type":"alphabet","region":"Armenia · diaspora","era":"c. 405 CE – present","unicode":{"blocks":["Armenian"],"sample":"Ա Բ Գ Դ Ե Զ Է Ը Թ Ժ Ի Լ Խ Ծ Կ Հ Ձ Ղ Ճ Մ Յ Ն Շ Ո Չ Պ Ջ Ռ Ս Վ Տ Ր Ց Ւ Փ Ք Օ Ֆ ա բ գ դ ե զ է ը թ ժ ի լ խ ծ կ հ ձ ղ ճ մ յ ն շ ո չ պ ջ ռ ս վ տ ր ց ւ փ ք օ ֆ","note":"Full traditional Armenian alphabet","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"alphabet","letters":["Ա","Բ","Գ","Դ","Ե","Զ","Է","Ը","Թ","Ժ","Ի","Լ","Խ","Ծ","Կ","Հ","Ձ","Ղ","Ճ","Մ","Յ","Ն","Շ","Ո","Չ","Պ","Ջ","Ռ","Ս","Վ","Տ","Ր","Ց","Ւ","Փ","Ք","Օ","Ֆ","ա","բ","գ","դ","ե","զ","է","ը","թ","ժ","ի","լ","խ","ծ","կ","հ","ձ","ղ","ճ","մ","յ","ն","շ","ո","չ","պ","ջ","ռ","ս","վ","տ","ր","ց","ւ","փ","ք","օ","ֆ"],"complete":true,"note":"Full traditional Armenian alphabet","case":"dual","labels":null},"linkStatus":"living-iso-linked","livingLangs":["hy"],"relatedModern":["hy"]},{"dir":"rtl","status":"ceremonial","medium":["parchment","paper"],"related":[],"languages":["ae"],"honorGate":false,"id":"avestan","label":"Avestan","type":"alphabet","region":"Iran · Zoroastrian liturgy","era":"c. 400–1000 CE manuscripts","unicode":{"blocks":["Avestan"],"sample":"𐬀 𐬁 𐬂 𐬃 𐬄 𐬅 𐬆 𐬇 𐬈 𐬉 𐬊 𐬋 𐬌 𐬍 𐬎 𐬏 𐬐 𐬑 𐬒 𐬓 𐬔 𐬕 𐬖 𐬗 𐬘 𐬙 𐬚 𐬛 𐬜 𐬝 𐬞 𐬟 𐬠 𐬡 𐬢 𐬣 𐬤 𐬥 𐬦 𐬧 𐬨 𐬩 𐬪 𐬫 𐬬 𐬭 𐬮 𐬯 𐬰 𐬱 𐬲 𐬳 𐬴 𐬵","note":"Avestan letters (Unicode)","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"alphabet","letters":["𐬀","𐬁","𐬂","𐬃","𐬄","𐬅","𐬆","𐬇","𐬈","𐬉","𐬊","𐬋","𐬌","𐬍","𐬎","𐬏","𐬐","𐬑","𐬒","𐬓","𐬔","𐬕","𐬖","𐬗","𐬘","𐬙","𐬚","𐬛","𐬜","𐬝","𐬞","𐬟","𐬠","𐬡","𐬢","𐬣","𐬤","𐬥","𐬦","𐬧","𐬨","𐬩","𐬪","𐬫","𐬬","𐬭","𐬮","𐬯","𐬰","𐬱","𐬲","𐬳","𐬴","𐬵"],"complete":true,"note":"Avestan letters (Unicode)","case":"unicase","labels":null},"linkStatus":"living-iso-linked","livingLangs":["ae"],"relatedModern":["ae"]},{"dir":"ltr","status":"historical","medium":["amatl bark paper","deerskin","cloth","stone"],"related":["maya-hieroglyphs","mixtec"],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"aztec-pictography","label":"Aztec / Nahua pictography","alt":["Nahuatl codex writing","Mixteca-Puebla tradition"],"type":"pictographic","region":"Central Mexico","era":"Postclassic – colonial codices","unicode":{"sample":null,"note":"Codex images primary · semasiographic","sampleKind":"image-corpus","representation":"image-corpus"},"samples":[{"label":"type","text":"year-bearer signs · place glyphs · tribute lists","note":"combined with colonial alphabetic Nahuatl"}],"alphabet":{"kind":"media","letters":[],"complete":false,"note":"Pictographic/semasiographic codices — not a phonetic alphabet.","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["nah"],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Nahuatl-related codices · not full alphabet","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"revived","medium":["paper","wood"],"related":[],"languages":["bax"],"honorGate":false,"id":"bamum","label":"Bamum","type":"syllabary","region":"Cameroon · Kingdom of Bamum","era":"c. 1896 – mid-20th c. · revived interest","unicode":{"blocks":["Bamum","Bamum Supplement"],"sample":"ꚠ ꚡ ꚢ ꚣ ꚤ ꚥ ꚦ ꚧ ꚨ ꚩ ꚪ ꚫ ꚬ ꚭ ꚮ ꚯ ꚰ ꚱ ꚲ ꚳ ꚴ ꚵ ꚶ ꚷ ꚸ ꚹ ꚺ ꚻ ꚼ ꚽ ꚾ ꚿ ꛀ ꛁ ꛂ ꛃ ꛄ ꛅ ꛆ ꛇ ꛈ ꛉ ꛊ ꛋ ꛌ ꛍ ꛎ ꛏ ꛐ ꛑ ꛒ ꛓ ꛔ ꛕ ꛖ ꛗ ꛘ ꛙ ꛚ ꛛ ꛜ ꛝ ꛞ ꛟ ꛠ ꛡ ꛢ ꛣ ꛤ ꛥ ꛦ ꛧ ꛨ ꛩ ꛪ ꛫ ꛬ ꛭ ꛮ ꛯ","note":"Bamum Phase-A style letters (Unicode Bamum)","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"syllabary","letters":["ꚠ","ꚡ","ꚢ","ꚣ","ꚤ","ꚥ","ꚦ","ꚧ","ꚨ","ꚩ","ꚪ","ꚫ","ꚬ","ꚭ","ꚮ","ꚯ","ꚰ","ꚱ","ꚲ","ꚳ","ꚴ","ꚵ","ꚶ","ꚷ","ꚸ","ꚹ","ꚺ","ꚻ","ꚼ","ꚽ","ꚾ","ꚿ","ꛀ","ꛁ","ꛂ","ꛃ","ꛄ","ꛅ","ꛆ","ꛇ","ꛈ","ꛉ","ꛊ","ꛋ","ꛌ","ꛍ","ꛎ","ꛏ","ꛐ","ꛑ","ꛒ","ꛓ","ꛔ","ꛕ","ꛖ","ꛗ","ꛘ","ꛙ","ꛚ","ꛛ","ꛜ","ꛝ","ꛞ","ꛟ","ꛠ","ꛡ","ꛢ","ꛣ","ꛤ","ꛥ","ꛦ","ꛧ","ꛨ","ꛩ","ꛪ","ꛫ","ꛬ","ꛭ","ꛮ","ꛯ"],"complete":true,"note":"Bamum Phase-A style letters (Unicode Bamum)","case":"unicase","labels":null},"linkStatus":"living-iso-linked","livingLangs":["bax"],"relatedModern":["bax"]},{"dir":"ltr","status":"living","medium":["paper","digital"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"blissymbols","label":"Blissymbols","type":"semasiographic","region":"augmentative communication · global","era":"1949 – present","unicode":{"sample":null,"note":"AAC ideographic · specialized fonts / private use","sampleKind":"specialized-font","representation":"specialized-font"},"alphabet":{"kind":"media","letters":[],"complete":false,"note":"Blissymbolics ideographs — large controlled vocabulary, not a language alphabet.","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":[],"linkStatus":"living-semasiographic","linkNote":"AAC symbol system · cross-language","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"historical","medium":["stone","copper","birch bark"],"related":["devanagari","tamil","tibetan","thai","kharoshthi"],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"brahmi","label":"Brahmi","type":"abugida","region":"South Asia","era":"c. 300 BCE – 500 CE","unicode":{"blocks":["Brahmi"],"sample":"𑀅𑀆𑀇𑀈","note":"Unicode Brahmi","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"abugida","letters":["𑀀","𑀁","𑀂","𑀃","𑀄","𑀅","𑀆","𑀇","𑀈","𑀉","𑀊","𑀋","𑀌","𑀍","𑀎","𑀏","𑀐","𑀑","𑀒","𑀓","𑀔","𑀕","𑀖","𑀗","𑀘","𑀙","𑀚","𑀛","𑀜","𑀝","𑀞","𑀟","𑀠","𑀡","𑀢","𑀣","𑀤","𑀥","𑀦","𑀧","𑀨","𑀩","𑀪","𑀫","𑀬","𑀭","𑀮","𑀯","𑀰","𑀱","𑀲","𑀳","𑀴","𑀵","𑀶","𑀷","𑀸","𑀹","𑀺","𑀻","𑀼","𑀽","𑀾","𑀿","𑁀","𑁁","𑁂","𑁃","𑁄","𑁅","𑁆","𑁇","𑁈","𑁉","𑁊","𑁋","𑁌","𑁍"],"complete":true,"note":"Brahmi block (Unicode) · full conjuncts not listed","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["hi","sa","bn","ta","te","kn","ml"],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Ancestor of Indic abugidas","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"living","medium":["paper emboss","refreshable cells","digital"],"related":[],"languages":["en","fr","de","es","ar","zh","hi"],"honorGate":false,"id":"braille","label":"Braille","type":"featural","region":"global","era":"1824 – present","unicode":{"blocks":["Braille Patterns"],"sample":"⠀ ⠁ ⠂ ⠃ ⠄ ⠅ ⠆ ⠇ ⠈ ⠉ ⠊ ⠋ ⠌ ⠍ ⠎ ⠏ ⠐ ⠑ ⠒ ⠓ ⠔ ⠕ ⠖ ⠗ ⠘ ⠙ ⠚ ⠛ ⠜ ⠝ ⠞ ⠟ ⠠ ⠡ ⠢ ⠣ ⠤ ⠥ ⠦ ⠧ ⠨ ⠩ ⠪ ⠫ ⠬ ⠭ ⠮ ⠯ ⠰ ⠱ ⠲ ⠳ ⠴ ⠵ ⠶ ⠷ ⠸ ⠹ ⠺ ⠻ ⠼ ⠽ ⠾ ⠿ ⡀ ⡁ ⡂ ⡃ ⡄ ⡅ ⡆ ⡇ ⡈ ⡉ ⡊ ⡋ ⡌ ⡍ ⡎ ⡏ ⡐ ⡑ ⡒ ⡓ ⡔ ⡕ ⡖ ⡗ ⡘ ⡙ ⡚ ⡛ ⡜ ⡝ ⡞ ⡟ ⡠ ⡡ ⡢ ⡣ ⡤ ⡥ ⡦ ⡧ ⡨ ⡩ ⡪ ⡫ ⡬ ⡭ ⡮ ⡯ ⡰ ⡱ ⡲ ⡳ ⡴ ⡵ ⡶ ⡷ ⡸ ⡹ ⡺ ⡻ ⡼ ⡽ ⡾ ⡿ ⢀ ⢁ ⢂ ⢃ ⢄ ⢅ ⢆ ⢇ ⢈ ⢉ ⢊ ⢋ ⢌ ⢍ ⢎ ⢏ ⢐ ⢑ ⢒ ⢓ ⢔ ⢕ ⢖ ⢗ ⢘ ⢙ ⢚ ⢛ ⢜ ⢝ ⢞ ⢟ ⢠ ⢡ ⢢ ⢣ ⢤ ⢥ ⢦ ⢧ ⢨ ⢩ ⢪ ⢫ ⢬ ⢭ ⢮ ⢯ ⢰ ⢱ ⢲ ⢳ ⢴ ⢵ ⢶ ⢷ ⢸ ⢹ ⢺ ⢻ ⢼ ⢽ ⢾ ⢿ ⣀ ⣁ ⣂ ⣃ ⣄ ⣅ ⣆ ⣇ ⣈ ⣉ ⣊ ⣋ ⣌ ⣍ ⣎ ⣏ ⣐ ⣑ ⣒ ⣓ ⣔ ⣕ ⣖ ⣗ ⣘ ⣙ ⣚ ⣛ ⣜ ⣝ ⣞ ⣟ ⣠ ⣡ ⣢ ⣣ ⣤ ⣥ ⣦ ⣧ ⣨ ⣩ ⣪ ⣫ ⣬ ⣭ ⣮ ⣯ ⣰ ⣱ ⣲ ⣳ ⣴ ⣵ ⣶ ⣷ ⣸ ⣹ ⣺ ⣻ ⣼ ⣽ ⣾ ⣿","note":"tactile 6-dot cells","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"samples":[{"label":"a–h (grade 1)","text":"⠁⠃⠉⠙⠑⠋⠛⠓"}],"alphabet":{"kind":"alphabet","letters":["⠀","⠁","⠂","⠃","⠄","⠅","⠆","⠇","⠈","⠉","⠊","⠋","⠌","⠍","⠎","⠏","⠐","⠑","⠒","⠓","⠔","⠕","⠖","⠗","⠘","⠙","⠚","⠛","⠜","⠝","⠞","⠟","⠠","⠡","⠢","⠣","⠤","⠥","⠦","⠧","⠨","⠩","⠪","⠫","⠬","⠭","⠮","⠯","⠰","⠱","⠲","⠳","⠴","⠵","⠶","⠷","⠸","⠹","⠺","⠻","⠼","⠽","⠾","⠿","⡀","⡁","⡂","⡃","⡄","⡅","⡆","⡇","⡈","⡉","⡊","⡋","⡌","⡍","⡎","⡏","⡐","⡑","⡒","⡓","⡔","⡕","⡖","⡗","⡘","⡙","⡚","⡛","⡜","⡝","⡞","⡟","⡠","⡡","⡢","⡣","⡤","⡥","⡦","⡧","⡨","⡩","⡪","⡫","⡬","⡭","⡮","⡯","⡰","⡱","⡲","⡳","⡴","⡵","⡶","⡷","⡸","⡹","⡺","⡻","⡼","⡽","⡾","⡿","⢀","⢁","⢂","⢃","⢄","⢅","⢆","⢇","⢈","⢉","⢊","⢋","⢌","⢍","⢎","⢏","⢐","⢑","⢒","⢓","⢔","⢕","⢖","⢗","⢘","⢙","⢚","⢛","⢜","⢝","⢞","⢟","⢠","⢡","⢢","⢣","⢤","⢥","⢦","⢧","⢨","⢩","⢪","⢫","⢬","⢭","⢮","⢯","⢰","⢱","⢲","⢳","⢴","⢵","⢶","⢷","⢸","⢹","⢺","⢻","⢼","⢽","⢾","⢿","⣀","⣁","⣂","⣃","⣄","⣅","⣆","⣇","⣈","⣉","⣊","⣋","⣌","⣍","⣎","⣏","⣐","⣑","⣒","⣓","⣔","⣕","⣖","⣗","⣘","⣙","⣚","⣛","⣜","⣝","⣞","⣟","⣠","⣡","⣢","⣣","⣤","⣥","⣦","⣧","⣨","⣩","⣪","⣫","⣬","⣭","⣮","⣯","⣰","⣱","⣲","⣳","⣴","⣵","⣶","⣷","⣸","⣹","⣺","⣻","⣼","⣽","⣾","⣿"],"complete":true,"note":"Full 256 Braille Patterns (6- and 8-dot cells)","case":"unicase","labels":null},"linkStatus":"living-iso-linked","livingLangs":["en","fr","de","es","ar","zh","hi"],"relatedModern":["en","fr","de","es","ar","zh","hi"]},{"dir":"ltr","status":"undeciphered","medium":["bronze","stone"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"ugaritic-dup-note","label":"Byblos syllabary","type":"undeciphered","region":"Byblos · Levant","era":"c. 1800–1400 BCE","unicode":{"sample":null,"note":"Byblos pseudo-hieroglyphic · undeciphered · image corpora only (not Ugaritic cuneiform)","sampleKind":"image-corpus","representation":"image-corpus"},"alphabet":{"kind":"undeciphered","letters":[],"complete":false,"note":"Placeholder / duplicate note entry — see ugaritic for full abjad.","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":[],"linkStatus":"undeciphered-no-living","linkNote":"Corpus limited / undeciphered","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"living","medium":["paper","print","digital","wood"],"related":[],"languages":["cr","iu","oj","ojs","cwd"],"honorGate":true,"id":"canadian-aboriginal-syllabics","label":"Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics","alt":["Cree–Inuktitut–Ojibwe syllabics"],"type":"abugida","region":"Canada · Subarctic · Arctic","era":"1840s – present","unicode":{"blocks":["Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics"],"sample":"ᐁ ᐂ ᐃ ᐄ ᐅ ᐆ ᐇ ᐈ ᐉ ᐊ ᐋ ᐌ ᐍ ᐎ ᐏ ᐐ ᐑ ᐒ ᐓ ᐔ ᐕ ᐖ ᐗ ᐘ ᐙ ᐚ ᐛ ᐜ ᐝ ᐞ ᐟ ᐠ ᐡ ᐢ ᐣ ᐤ ᐥ ᐦ ᐧ ᐨ ᐩ ᐪ ᐫ ᐬ ᐭ ᐮ ᐯ ᐰ ᐱ ᐲ ᐳ ᐴ ᐵ ᐶ ᐷ ᐸ ᐹ ᐺ ᐻ ᐼ ᐽ ᐾ ᐿ ᑀ ᑁ ᑂ ᑃ ᑄ ᑅ ᑆ ᑇ ᑈ ᑉ ᑊ ᑋ ᑌ ᑍ ᑎ ᑏ ᑐ ᑑ ᑒ ᑓ ᑔ ᑕ ᑖ ᑗ ᑘ ᑙ ᑚ ᑛ ᑜ ᑝ ᑞ ᑟ ᑠ ᑡ ᑢ ᑣ ᑤ ᑥ ᑦ ᑧ ᑨ ᑩ ᑪ ᑫ ᑬ ᑭ ᑮ ᑯ ᑰ ᑱ ᑲ ᑳ ᑴ ᑵ ᑶ ᑷ ᑸ ᑹ ᑺ ᑻ ᑼ ᑽ ᑾ ᑿ ᒀ ᒁ ᒂ ᒃ ᒄ ᒅ ᒆ ᒇ ᒈ ᒉ ᒊ ᒋ ᒌ ᒍ ᒎ ᒏ ᒐ ᒑ ᒒ ᒓ ᒔ ᒕ ᒖ ᒗ ᒘ ᒙ ᒚ ᒛ ᒜ ᒝ ᒞ ᒟ ᒠ ᒡ ᒢ ᒣ ᒤ ᒥ ᒦ ᒧ ᒨ ᒩ ᒪ ᒫ ᒬ ᒭ ᒮ ᒯ ᒰ ᒱ ᒲ ᒳ ᒴ ᒵ ᒶ ᒷ ᒸ ᒹ ᒺ ᒻ ᒼ ᒽ ᒾ ᒿ ᓀ ᓁ ᓂ ᓃ ᓄ ᓅ ᓆ ᓇ ᓈ ᓉ ᓊ ᓋ ᓌ ᓍ ᓎ ᓏ ᓐ ᓑ ᓒ ᓓ ᓔ ᓕ ᓖ ᓗ ᓘ ᓙ ᓚ ᓛ ᓜ ᓝ ᓞ ᓟ ᓠ ᓡ ᓢ ᓣ ᓤ ᓥ ᓦ ᓧ ᓨ ᓩ ᓪ ᓫ ᓬ ᓭ ᓮ ᓯ ᓰ ᓱ ᓲ ᓳ ᓴ ᓵ ᓶ ᓷ ᓸ ᓹ ᓺ ᓻ ᓼ ᓽ ᓾ ᓿ ᔀ ᔁ ᔂ ᔃ ᔄ ᔅ ᔆ ᔇ ᔈ ᔉ ᔊ ᔋ ᔌ ᔍ ᔎ ᔏ ᔐ ᔑ ᔒ ᔓ ᔔ ᔕ ᔖ ᔗ ᔘ ᔙ ᔚ ᔛ ᔜ ᔝ ᔞ ᔟ ᔠ ᔡ ᔢ ᔣ ᔤ ᔥ ᔦ ᔧ ᔨ ᔩ ᔪ ᔫ ᔬ ᔭ ᔮ ᔯ ᔰ ᔱ ᔲ ᔳ ᔴ ᔵ ᔶ ᔷ ᔸ ᔹ ᔺ ᔻ ᔼ ᔽ ᔾ ᔿ ᕀ ᕁ ᕂ ᕃ ᕄ ᕅ ᕆ ᕇ ᕈ ᕉ ᕊ ᕋ ᕌ ᕍ ᕎ ᕏ ᕐ ᕑ ᕒ ᕓ ᕔ ᕕ ᕖ ᕗ ᕘ ᕙ ᕚ ᕛ ᕜ ᕝ ᕞ ᕟ ᕠ ᕡ ᕢ ᕣ ᕤ ᕥ ᕦ ᕧ ᕨ ᕩ ᕪ ᕫ ᕬ ᕭ ᕮ ᕯ ᕰ ᕱ ᕲ ᕳ ᕴ ᕵ ᕶ ᕷ ᕸ ᕹ ᕺ ᕻ ᕼ ᕽ ᕾ ᕿ ᖀ ᖁ ᖂ ᖃ ᖄ ᖅ ᖆ ᖇ ᖈ ᖉ ᖊ ᖋ ᖌ ᖍ ᖎ ᖏ ᖐ ᖑ ᖒ ᖓ ᖔ ᖕ ᖖ ᖗ ᖘ ᖙ ᖚ ᖛ ᖜ ᖝ ᖞ ᖟ ᖠ ᖡ ᖢ ᖣ ᖤ ᖥ ᖦ ᖧ ᖨ ᖩ ᖪ ᖫ ᖬ ᖭ ᖮ ᖯ ᖰ ᖱ ᖲ ᖳ ᖴ ᖵ ᖶ ᖷ ᖸ ᖹ ᖺ ᖻ ᖼ ᖽ ᖾ ᖿ ᗀ ᗁ ᗂ ᗃ ᗄ ᗅ ᗆ ᗇ ᗈ ᗉ ᗊ ᗋ ᗌ ᗍ ᗎ ᗏ ᗐ ᗑ ᗒ ᗓ ᗔ ᗕ ᗖ ᗗ ᗘ ᗙ ᗚ ᗛ ᗜ ᗝ ᗞ ᗟ ᗠ ᗡ ᗢ ᗣ ᗤ ᗥ ᗦ ᗧ ᗨ ᗩ ᗪ ᗫ ᗬ ᗭ ᗮ ᗯ ᗰ ᗱ ᗲ ᗳ ᗴ ᗵ ᗶ ᗷ ᗸ ᗹ ᗺ ᗻ ᗼ ᗽ ᗾ ᗿ ᘀ ᘁ ᘂ ᘃ ᘄ ᘅ ᘆ ᘇ ᘈ ᘉ ᘊ ᘋ ᘌ ᘍ ᘎ ᘏ ᘐ ᘑ ᘒ ᘓ ᘔ ᘕ ᘖ ᘗ ᘘ ᘙ ᘚ ᘛ ᘜ ᘝ ᘞ ᘟ ᘠ ᘡ ᘢ ᘣ ᘤ ᘥ ᘦ ᘧ ᘨ ᘩ ᘪ ᘫ ᘬ ᘭ ᘮ ᘯ ᘰ ᘱ ᘲ ᘳ ᘴ ᘵ ᘶ ᘷ ᘸ ᘹ ᘺ ᘻ ᘼ ᘽ ᘾ ᘿ ᙀ ᙁ ᙂ ᙃ ᙄ ᙅ ᙆ ᙇ ᙈ ᙉ ᙊ ᙋ ᙌ ᙍ ᙎ ᙏ ᙐ ᙑ ᙒ ᙓ ᙔ ᙕ ᙖ ᙗ ᙘ ᙙ ᙚ ᙛ ᙜ ᙝ ᙞ ᙟ ᙠ ᙡ ᙢ ᙣ ᙤ ᙥ ᙦ ᙧ ᙨ ᙩ ᙪ ᙫ ᙬ","note":"Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics — full Unicode block (community orthographies use subsets)","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"abugida","letters":["ᐁ","ᐂ","ᐃ","ᐄ","ᐅ","ᐆ","ᐇ","ᐈ","ᐉ","ᐊ","ᐋ","ᐌ","ᐍ","ᐎ","ᐏ","ᐐ","ᐑ","ᐒ","ᐓ","ᐔ","ᐕ","ᐖ","ᐗ","ᐘ","ᐙ","ᐚ","ᐛ","ᐜ","ᐝ","ᐞ","ᐟ","ᐠ","ᐡ","ᐢ","ᐣ","ᐤ","ᐥ","ᐦ","ᐧ","ᐨ","ᐩ","ᐪ","ᐫ","ᐬ","ᐭ","ᐮ","ᐯ","ᐰ","ᐱ","ᐲ","ᐳ","ᐴ","ᐵ","ᐶ","ᐷ","ᐸ","ᐹ","ᐺ","ᐻ","ᐼ","ᐽ","ᐾ","ᐿ","ᑀ","ᑁ","ᑂ","ᑃ","ᑄ","ᑅ","ᑆ","ᑇ","ᑈ","ᑉ","ᑊ","ᑋ","ᑌ","ᑍ","ᑎ","ᑏ","ᑐ","ᑑ","ᑒ","ᑓ","ᑔ","ᑕ","ᑖ","ᑗ","ᑘ","ᑙ","ᑚ","ᑛ","ᑜ","ᑝ","ᑞ","ᑟ","ᑠ","ᑡ","ᑢ","ᑣ","ᑤ","ᑥ","ᑦ","ᑧ","ᑨ","ᑩ","ᑪ","ᑫ","ᑬ","ᑭ","ᑮ","ᑯ","ᑰ","ᑱ","ᑲ","ᑳ","ᑴ","ᑵ","ᑶ","ᑷ","ᑸ","ᑹ","ᑺ","ᑻ","ᑼ","ᑽ","ᑾ","ᑿ","ᒀ","ᒁ","ᒂ","ᒃ","ᒄ","ᒅ","ᒆ","ᒇ","ᒈ","ᒉ","ᒊ","ᒋ","ᒌ","ᒍ","ᒎ","ᒏ","ᒐ","ᒑ","ᒒ","ᒓ","ᒔ","ᒕ","ᒖ","ᒗ","ᒘ","ᒙ","ᒚ","ᒛ","ᒜ","ᒝ","ᒞ","ᒟ","ᒠ","ᒡ","ᒢ","ᒣ","ᒤ","ᒥ","ᒦ","ᒧ","ᒨ","ᒩ","ᒪ","ᒫ","ᒬ","ᒭ","ᒮ","ᒯ","ᒰ","ᒱ","ᒲ","ᒳ","ᒴ","ᒵ","ᒶ","ᒷ","ᒸ","ᒹ","ᒺ","ᒻ","ᒼ","ᒽ","ᒾ","ᒿ","ᓀ","ᓁ","ᓂ","ᓃ","ᓄ","ᓅ","ᓆ","ᓇ","ᓈ","ᓉ","ᓊ","ᓋ","ᓌ","ᓍ","ᓎ","ᓏ","ᓐ","ᓑ","ᓒ","ᓓ","ᓔ","ᓕ","ᓖ","ᓗ","ᓘ","ᓙ","ᓚ","ᓛ","ᓜ","ᓝ","ᓞ","ᓟ","ᓠ","ᓡ","ᓢ","ᓣ","ᓤ","ᓥ","ᓦ","ᓧ","ᓨ","ᓩ","ᓪ","ᓫ","ᓬ","ᓭ","ᓮ","ᓯ","ᓰ","ᓱ","ᓲ","ᓳ","ᓴ","ᓵ","ᓶ","ᓷ","ᓸ","ᓹ","ᓺ","ᓻ","ᓼ","ᓽ","ᓾ","ᓿ","ᔀ","ᔁ","ᔂ","ᔃ","ᔄ","ᔅ","ᔆ","ᔇ","ᔈ","ᔉ","ᔊ","ᔋ","ᔌ","ᔍ","ᔎ","ᔏ","ᔐ","ᔑ","ᔒ","ᔓ","ᔔ","ᔕ","ᔖ","ᔗ","ᔘ","ᔙ","ᔚ","ᔛ","ᔜ","ᔝ","ᔞ","ᔟ","ᔠ","ᔡ","ᔢ","ᔣ","ᔤ","ᔥ","ᔦ","ᔧ","ᔨ","ᔩ","ᔪ","ᔫ","ᔬ","ᔭ","ᔮ","ᔯ","ᔰ","ᔱ","ᔲ","ᔳ","ᔴ","ᔵ","ᔶ","ᔷ","ᔸ","ᔹ","ᔺ","ᔻ","ᔼ","ᔽ","ᔾ","ᔿ","ᕀ","ᕁ","ᕂ","ᕃ","ᕄ","ᕅ","ᕆ","ᕇ","ᕈ","ᕉ","ᕊ","ᕋ","ᕌ","ᕍ","ᕎ","ᕏ","ᕐ","ᕑ","ᕒ","ᕓ","ᕔ","ᕕ","ᕖ","ᕗ","ᕘ","ᕙ","ᕚ","ᕛ","ᕜ","ᕝ","ᕞ","ᕟ","ᕠ","ᕡ","ᕢ","ᕣ","ᕤ","ᕥ","ᕦ","ᕧ","ᕨ","ᕩ","ᕪ","ᕫ","ᕬ","ᕭ","ᕮ","ᕯ","ᕰ","ᕱ","ᕲ","ᕳ","ᕴ","ᕵ","ᕶ","ᕷ","ᕸ","ᕹ","ᕺ","ᕻ","ᕼ","ᕽ","ᕾ","ᕿ","ᖀ","ᖁ","ᖂ","ᖃ","ᖄ","ᖅ","ᖆ","ᖇ","ᖈ","ᖉ","ᖊ","ᖋ","ᖌ","ᖍ","ᖎ","ᖏ","ᖐ","ᖑ","ᖒ","ᖓ","ᖔ","ᖕ","ᖖ","ᖗ","ᖘ","ᖙ","ᖚ","ᖛ","ᖜ","ᖝ","ᖞ","ᖟ","ᖠ","ᖡ","ᖢ","ᖣ","ᖤ","ᖥ","ᖦ","ᖧ","ᖨ","ᖩ","ᖪ","ᖫ","ᖬ","ᖭ","ᖮ","ᖯ","ᖰ","ᖱ","ᖲ","ᖳ","ᖴ","ᖵ","ᖶ","ᖷ","ᖸ","ᖹ","ᖺ","ᖻ","ᖼ","ᖽ","ᖾ","ᖿ","ᗀ","ᗁ","ᗂ","ᗃ","ᗄ","ᗅ","ᗆ","ᗇ","ᗈ","ᗉ","ᗊ","ᗋ","ᗌ","ᗍ","ᗎ","ᗏ","ᗐ","ᗑ","ᗒ","ᗓ","ᗔ","ᗕ","ᗖ","ᗗ","ᗘ","ᗙ","ᗚ","ᗛ","ᗜ","ᗝ","ᗞ","ᗟ","ᗠ","ᗡ","ᗢ","ᗣ","ᗤ","ᗥ","ᗦ","ᗧ","ᗨ","ᗩ","ᗪ","ᗫ","ᗬ","ᗭ","ᗮ","ᗯ","ᗰ","ᗱ","ᗲ","ᗳ","ᗴ","ᗵ","ᗶ","ᗷ","ᗸ","ᗹ","ᗺ","ᗻ","ᗼ","ᗽ","ᗾ","ᗿ","ᘀ","ᘁ","ᘂ","ᘃ","ᘄ","ᘅ","ᘆ","ᘇ","ᘈ","ᘉ","ᘊ","ᘋ","ᘌ","ᘍ","ᘎ","ᘏ","ᘐ","ᘑ","ᘒ","ᘓ","ᘔ","ᘕ","ᘖ","ᘗ","ᘘ","ᘙ","ᘚ","ᘛ","ᘜ","ᘝ","ᘞ","ᘟ","ᘠ","ᘡ","ᘢ","ᘣ","ᘤ","ᘥ","ᘦ","ᘧ","ᘨ","ᘩ","ᘪ","ᘫ","ᘬ","ᘭ","ᘮ","ᘯ","ᘰ","ᘱ","ᘲ","ᘳ","ᘴ","ᘵ","ᘶ","ᘷ","ᘸ","ᘹ","ᘺ","ᘻ","ᘼ","ᘽ","ᘾ","ᘿ","ᙀ","ᙁ","ᙂ","ᙃ","ᙄ","ᙅ","ᙆ","ᙇ","ᙈ","ᙉ","ᙊ","ᙋ","ᙌ","ᙍ","ᙎ","ᙏ","ᙐ","ᙑ","ᙒ","ᙓ","ᙔ","ᙕ","ᙖ","ᙗ","ᙘ","ᙙ","ᙚ","ᙛ","ᙜ","ᙝ","ᙞ","ᙟ","ᙠ","ᙡ","ᙢ","ᙣ","ᙤ","ᙥ","ᙦ","ᙧ","ᙨ","ᙩ","ᙪ","ᙫ","ᙬ"],"complete":false,"note":"Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics — full Unicode block (community orthographies use subsets)","case":"unicase","labels":null},"linkStatus":"living-iso-linked","livingLangs":["cr","iu","oj","ojs","cwd"],"relatedModern":["cr","iu","oj","ojs","cwd"]},{"dir":"ltr","status":"historical","medium":["stone","pottery"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"carian","label":"Carian","type":"alphabet","region":"SW Anatolia · Egypt graffiti","era":"c. 700–300 BCE","unicode":{"blocks":["Carian"],"sample":"𐊠𐊡𐊢𐊣","note":"Unicode Carian","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"alphabet","letters":["𐊠","𐊡","𐊢","𐊣","𐊤","𐊥","𐊦","𐊧","𐊨","𐊩","𐊪","𐊫","𐊬","𐊭","𐊮","𐊯","𐊰","𐊱","𐊲","𐊳","𐊴","𐊵","𐊶","𐊷","𐊸","𐊹","𐊺","𐊻","𐊼","𐊽","𐊾","𐊿","𐋀","𐋁","𐋂","𐋃","𐋄","𐋅","𐋆","𐋇","𐋈","𐋉","𐋊","𐋋","𐋌","𐋍","𐋎","𐋏","𐋐"],"complete":true,"note":"Carian (Unicode)","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":[],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Anatolian historical","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"living","medium":["paper","print","digital","stone"],"related":[],"languages":["chr"],"honorGate":true,"id":"cherokee","label":"Cherokee syllabary","type":"syllabary","region":"Southeastern / Oklahoma · Cherokee Nation","era":"1821 – present","unicode":{"blocks":["Cherokee","Cherokee Supplement"],"sample":"Ꭰ Ꭱ Ꭲ Ꭳ Ꭴ Ꭵ Ꭶ Ꭷ Ꭸ Ꭹ Ꭺ Ꭻ Ꭼ Ꭽ Ꭾ Ꭿ Ꮀ Ꮁ Ꮂ Ꮃ Ꮄ Ꮅ Ꮆ Ꮇ Ꮈ Ꮉ Ꮊ Ꮋ Ꮌ Ꮍ Ꮎ Ꮏ Ꮐ Ꮑ Ꮒ Ꮓ Ꮔ Ꮕ Ꮖ Ꮗ Ꮘ Ꮙ Ꮚ Ꮛ Ꮜ Ꮝ Ꮞ Ꮟ Ꮠ Ꮡ Ꮢ Ꮣ Ꮤ Ꮥ Ꮦ Ꮧ Ꮨ Ꮩ Ꮪ Ꮫ Ꮬ Ꮭ Ꮮ Ꮯ Ꮰ Ꮱ Ꮲ Ꮳ Ꮴ Ꮵ Ꮶ Ꮷ Ꮸ Ꮹ Ꮺ Ꮻ Ꮼ Ꮽ Ꮾ Ꮿ Ᏸ Ᏹ Ᏺ Ᏻ Ᏼ Ᏽ ᏸ ᏹ ᏺ ᏻ ᏼ ᏽ ꭰ ꭱ ꭲ ꭳ ꭴ ꭵ ꭶ ꭷ ꭸ ꭹ ꭺ ꭻ ꭼ ꭽ ꭾ ꭿ ꮀ ꮁ ꮂ ꮃ ꮄ ꮅ ꮆ ꮇ ꮈ ꮉ ꮊ ꮋ ꮌ ꮍ ꮎ ꮏ ꮐ ꮑ ꮒ ꮓ ꮔ ꮕ ꮖ ꮗ ꮘ ꮙ ꮚ ꮛ ꮜ ꮝ ꮞ ꮟ ꮠ ꮡ ꮢ ꮣ ꮤ ꮥ ꮦ ꮧ ꮨ ꮩ ꮪ ꮫ ꮬ ꮭ ꮮ ꮯ ꮰ ꮱ ꮲ ꮳ ꮴ ꮵ ꮶ ꮷ ꮸ ꮹ ꮺ ꮻ ꮼ ꮽ ꮾ ꮿ","note":"Cherokee syllables (Unicode Cherokee + Supplement)","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"samples":[{"label":"a e i o u v","text":"ᎠᎡᎢᎣᎤᎥ"}],"alphabet":{"kind":"syllabary","letters":["Ꭰ","Ꭱ","Ꭲ","Ꭳ","Ꭴ","Ꭵ","Ꭶ","Ꭷ","Ꭸ","Ꭹ","Ꭺ","Ꭻ","Ꭼ","Ꭽ","Ꭾ","Ꭿ","Ꮀ","Ꮁ","Ꮂ","Ꮃ","Ꮄ","Ꮅ","Ꮆ","Ꮇ","Ꮈ","Ꮉ","Ꮊ","Ꮋ","Ꮌ","Ꮍ","Ꮎ","Ꮏ","Ꮐ","Ꮑ","Ꮒ","Ꮓ","Ꮔ","Ꮕ","Ꮖ","Ꮗ","Ꮘ","Ꮙ","Ꮚ","Ꮛ","Ꮜ","Ꮝ","Ꮞ","Ꮟ","Ꮠ","Ꮡ","Ꮢ","Ꮣ","Ꮤ","Ꮥ","Ꮦ","Ꮧ","Ꮨ","Ꮩ","Ꮪ","Ꮫ","Ꮬ","Ꮭ","Ꮮ","Ꮯ","Ꮰ","Ꮱ","Ꮲ","Ꮳ","Ꮴ","Ꮵ","Ꮶ","Ꮷ","Ꮸ","Ꮹ","Ꮺ","Ꮻ","Ꮼ","Ꮽ","Ꮾ","Ꮿ","Ᏸ","Ᏹ","Ᏺ","Ᏻ","Ᏼ","Ᏽ","ᏸ","ᏹ","ᏺ","ᏻ","ᏼ","ᏽ","ꭰ","ꭱ","ꭲ","ꭳ","ꭴ","ꭵ","ꭶ","ꭷ","ꭸ","ꭹ","ꭺ","ꭻ","ꭼ","ꭽ","ꭾ","ꭿ","ꮀ","ꮁ","ꮂ","ꮃ","ꮄ","ꮅ","ꮆ","ꮇ","ꮈ","ꮉ","ꮊ","ꮋ","ꮌ","ꮍ","ꮎ","ꮏ","ꮐ","ꮑ","ꮒ","ꮓ","ꮔ","ꮕ","ꮖ","ꮗ","ꮘ","ꮙ","ꮚ","ꮛ","ꮜ","ꮝ","ꮞ","ꮟ","ꮠ","ꮡ","ꮢ","ꮣ","ꮤ","ꮥ","ꮦ","ꮧ","ꮨ","ꮩ","ꮪ","ꮫ","ꮬ","ꮭ","ꮮ","ꮯ","ꮰ","ꮱ","ꮲ","ꮳ","ꮴ","ꮵ","ꮶ","ꮷ","ꮸ","ꮹ","ꮺ","ꮻ","ꮼ","ꮽ","ꮾ","ꮿ"],"complete":true,"note":"Cherokee syllables (Unicode Cherokee + Supplement)","case":"unicase","labels":null},"linkStatus":"living-iso-linked","livingLangs":["chr"],"relatedModern":["chr"]},{"dir":"ltr","status":"ceremonial","medium":["papyrus","paper","parchment"],"related":["greek","egyptian-hieroglyphs"],"languages":["cop"],"honorGate":false,"id":"coptic","label":"Coptic","type":"alphabet","region":"Egypt","era":"c. 100 CE – present (liturgical)","unicode":{"blocks":["Coptic","Greek and Coptic"],"sample":"Ⲁ Ⲃ Ⲅ Ⲇ Ⲉ Ⲋ Ⲍ Ⲏ Ⲑ Ⲓ Ⲕ Ⲗ Ⲙ Ⲛ Ⲝ Ⲟ Ⲡ Ⲣ Ⲥ Ⲧ Ⲩ Ⲫ Ⲭ Ⲯ Ⲱ ϣ ϥ ϧ ϩ ϫ ϭ ϯ","note":"Greek + Demotic-derived letters","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"alphabet","letters":["Ⲁ","Ⲃ","Ⲅ","Ⲇ","Ⲉ","Ⲋ","Ⲍ","Ⲏ","Ⲑ","Ⲓ","Ⲕ","Ⲗ","Ⲙ","Ⲛ","Ⲝ","Ⲟ","Ⲡ","Ⲣ","Ⲥ","Ⲧ","Ⲩ","Ⲫ","Ⲭ","Ⲯ","Ⲱ","ϣ","ϥ","ϧ","ϩ","ϫ","ϭ","ϯ"],"complete":true,"note":"Bohairic-style inventory (Unicode Coptic)","case":"dual","labels":null},"linkStatus":"living-iso-linked","livingLangs":["cop"],"relatedModern":["cop"]},{"dir":"ltr","status":"historical","medium":["clay","stone","metal","wax"],"related":["old-persian-cuneiform","ugaritic","hittite-cuneiform"],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"cuneiform-sumero-akkadian","label":"Cuneiform (Sumero-Akkadian)","alt":["楔形文字 lineage · clay wedges"],"type":"logosyllabic","region":"Mesopotamia · Iran · Anatolia · Levant","era":"c. 3400 BCE – 100 CE","family":"Sumerian · Akkadian · Hittite · Elamite uses","unicode":{"blocks":["Cuneiform","Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation"],"sample":"𒀭𒈾𒀭𒊹","note":"Unicode Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"samples":[{"label":"dingir (god/sky)","text":"𒀭"},{"label":"lugal (king)","text":"𒈗"},{"label":"ki (earth)","text":"𒆠"}],"concepts":{"person":"𒇽","house":"𒂍","one":"𒁹"},"alphabet":{"kind":"inventory","letters":["𒀀","𒀁","𒀂","𒀃","𒀄","𒀅","𒀆","𒀇","𒀈","𒀉","𒀊","𒀋","𒀌","𒀍","𒀎","𒀏","𒀐","𒀑","𒀒","𒀓","𒀔","𒀕","𒀖","𒀗","𒀘","𒀙","𒀚","𒀛","𒀜","𒀝","𒀞","𒀟","𒀠","𒀡","𒀢","𒀣","𒀤","𒀥","𒀦","𒀧","𒀨","𒀩","𒀪","𒀫","𒀬","𒀭","𒀮","𒀯","𒀰","𒀱","𒀲","𒀳","𒀴","𒀵","𒀶","𒀷","𒀸","𒀹","𒀺","𒀻","𒀼","𒀽","𒀾","𒀿","𒁀","𒁁","𒁂","𒁃","𒁄","𒁅","𒁆","𒁇","𒁈","𒁉","𒁊","𒁋","𒁌","𒁍","𒁎","𒁏","𒁐","𒁑","𒁒","𒁓","𒁔","𒁕","𒁖","𒁗","𒁘","𒁙","𒁚","𒁛","𒁜","𒁝","𒁞","𒁟","𒁠","𒁡","𒁢","𒁣","𒁤","𒁥","𒁦","𒁧","𒁨","𒁩","𒁪","𒁫","𒁬","𒁭","𒁮","𒁯","𒁰","𒁱","𒁲","𒁳","𒁴","𒁵","𒁶","𒁷","𒁸","𒁹","𒁺","𒁻","𒁼","𒁽","𒁾","𒁿","𒂀","𒂁","𒂂","𒂃","𒂄","𒂅","𒂆","𒂇","𒂈","𒂉","𒂊","𒂋","𒂌","𒂍","𒂎","𒂏","𒂐","𒂑","𒂒","𒂓","𒂔","𒂕","𒂖","𒂗","𒂘","𒂙","𒂚","𒂛","𒂜","𒂝","𒂞","𒂟","𒂠","𒂡","𒂢","𒂣","𒂤","𒂥","𒂦","𒂧","𒂨","𒂩","𒂪","𒂫","𒂬","𒂭","𒂮","𒂯","𒂰","𒂱","𒂲","𒂳","𒂴","𒂵","𒂶","𒂷","𒂸","𒂹","𒂺","𒂻","𒂼","𒂽","𒂾","𒂿","𒃀","𒃁","𒃂","𒃃","𒃄","𒃅","𒃆","𒃇","𒃈","𒃉","𒃊","𒃋","𒃌","𒃍","𒃎","𒃏","𒃐","𒃑","𒃒","𒃓","𒃔","𒃕","𒃖","𒃗","𒃘","𒃙","𒃚","𒃛","𒃜","𒃝","𒃞","𒃟","𒃠","𒃡","𒃢","𒃣","𒃤","𒃥","𒃦","𒃧","𒃨","𒃩","𒃪","𒃫","𒃬","𒃭","𒃮","𒃯","𒃰","𒃱","𒃲","𒃳","𒃴","𒃵","𒃶","𒃷","𒃸","𒃹","𒃺","𒃻","𒃼","𒃽","𒃾","𒃿"],"complete":false,"note":"Logosyllabic: hundreds of signs. Showing first 256 Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform code points.","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":[],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Sumerian/Akkadian historical","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"historical","medium":["stone","metal","pottery"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"cypriot-syllabary","label":"Cypriot syllabary","type":"syllabary","region":"Cyprus","era":"c. 1100–200 BCE","unicode":{"blocks":["Cypriot Syllabary"],"sample":"𐠀𐠁𐠂𐠃","note":"Unicode Cypriot Syllabary","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"syllabary","letters":["𐠀","𐠁","𐠂","𐠃","𐠄","𐠅","𐠈","𐠊","𐠋","𐠌","𐠍","𐠎","𐠏","𐠐","𐠑","𐠒","𐠓","𐠔","𐠕","𐠖","𐠗","𐠘","𐠙","𐠚","𐠛","𐠜","𐠝","𐠞","𐠟","𐠠","𐠡","𐠢","𐠣","𐠤","𐠥","𐠦","𐠧","𐠨","𐠩","𐠪","𐠫","𐠬","𐠭","𐠮","𐠯","𐠰","𐠱","𐠲","𐠳","𐠴","𐠵","𐠷","𐠸","𐠼","𐠿"],"complete":true,"note":"Cypriot syllabary (Unicode)","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["el"],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Greek-related historical syllabary","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"undeciphered","medium":["clay"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"cyprominoan","label":"Cypro-Minoan","type":"undeciphered","region":"Cyprus · Ugarit finds","era":"c. 1500–1000 BCE","unicode":{"blocks":["Cypro-Minoan"],"sample":"𒾐 𒾑 𒾒 𒾓 𒾔 𒾕 𒾖 𒾗 𒾘 𒾙 𒾚 𒾛 𒾜 𒾝 𒾞 𒾟 𒾠 𒾡 𒾢 𒾣 𒾤 𒾥 𒾦 𒾧 𒾨 𒾩 𒾪 𒾫 𒾬 𒾭 𒾮 𒾯 𒾰 𒾱 𒾲 𒾳 𒾴 𒾵 𒾶 𒾷 𒾸 𒾹 𒾺 𒾻 𒾼 𒾽 𒾾 𒾿 𒿀 𒿁 𒿂 𒿃 𒿄 𒿅 𒿆 𒿇 𒿈 𒿉 𒿊 𒿋 𒿌 𒿍 𒿎 𒿏 𒿐 𒿑 𒿒 𒿓 𒿔 𒿕 𒿖 𒿗 𒿘 𒿙 𒿚 𒿛 𒿜 𒿝 𒿞 𒿟 𒿠 𒿡 𒿢 𒿣 𒿤 𒿥 𒿦 𒿧 𒿨 𒿩 𒿪 𒿫 𒿬 𒿭 𒿮 𒿯 𒿰","note":"Unicode; undeciphered","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"undeciphered","letters":["𒾐","𒾑","𒾒","𒾓","𒾔","𒾕","𒾖","𒾗","𒾘","𒾙","𒾚","𒾛","𒾜","𒾝","𒾞","𒾟","𒾠","𒾡","𒾢","𒾣","𒾤","𒾥","𒾦","𒾧","𒾨","𒾩","𒾪","𒾫","𒾬","𒾭","𒾮","𒾯","𒾰","𒾱","𒾲","𒾳","𒾴","𒾵","𒾶","𒾷","𒾸","𒾹","𒾺","𒾻","𒾼","𒾽","𒾾","𒾿","𒿀","𒿁","𒿂","𒿃","𒿄","𒿅","𒿆","𒿇","𒿈","𒿉","𒿊","𒿋","𒿌","𒿍","𒿎","𒿏","𒿐","𒿑","𒿒","𒿓","𒿔","𒿕","𒿖","𒿗","𒿘","𒿙","𒿚","𒿛","𒿜","𒿝","𒿞","𒿟","𒿠","𒿡","𒿢","𒿣","𒿤","𒿥","𒿦","𒿧","𒿨","𒿩","𒿪","𒿫","𒿬","𒿭","𒿮","𒿯","𒿰"],"complete":false,"note":"Cypro-Minoan signs (Unicode) — undeciphered.","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":[],"linkStatus":"undeciphered-no-living","linkNote":"Undeciphered","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"living","medium":["parchment","paper","stone","digital"],"related":["greek","glagolitic"],"languages":["ru","uk","bg","sr","mk","be","kk","ky","tg","mn","tt","ba","ce"],"honorGate":false,"id":"cyrillic","label":"Cyrillic","type":"alphabet","region":"Eastern Europe · Central Asia · Caucasus","era":"c. 900 CE – present","unicode":{"blocks":["Cyrillic","Cyrillic Supplement"],"sample":"А Б В Г Д Е Ё Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я а б в г д е ё ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я","note":"from Greek + Glagolitic tradition","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"samples":[{"label":"Russian alphabet start","text":"АБВГДЕЁЖЗИ"}],"concepts":{"one":"один","water":"вода","sun":"солнце","person":"человек"},"alphabet":{"kind":"alphabet","letters":["А","Б","В","Г","Д","Е","Ё","Ж","З","И","Й","К","Л","М","Н","О","П","Р","С","Т","У","Ф","Х","Ц","Ч","Ш","Щ","Ъ","Ы","Ь","Э","Ю","Я","а","б","в","г","д","е","ё","ж","з","и","й","к","л","м","н","о","п","р","с","т","у","ф","х","ц","ч","ш","щ","ъ","ы","ь","э","ю","я"],"complete":true,"note":"Modern Russian alphabet · other Slavic langs add/omit letters","case":"dual","labels":null},"linkStatus":"living-iso-linked","livingLangs":["ru","uk","bg","sr","mk","be","kk","ky","tg","mn","tt","ba","ce"],"relatedModern":["ru","uk","bg","sr","mk","be","kk","ky","tg","mn","tt","ba","ce"]},{"dir":"ltr","status":"historical","medium":["papyrus","ostraca","stone"],"related":["egyptian-hieroglyphs","coptic"],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"demotic","label":"Demotic Egyptian","type":"mixed","region":"Egypt","era":"c. 650 BCE – 500 CE","unicode":{"blocks":["Egyptian Hieroglyphs","Egyptian Hieroglyph Format Controls"],"sample":"𓂋𓏤𓈖𓆑","note":"Demotic not fully distinct in Unicode; Egyptological fonts + hieroglyph-related codepoints used as stage proxy","sampleKind":"related-script-proxy","proxyOf":"egyptian-hieroglyphs"},"alphabet":{"kind":"media","letters":[],"complete":false,"note":"Demotic hand — limited Unicode; not a public full glyph alphabet here.","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["cop","ar"],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Egyptian stage → Coptic","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"historical","medium":["print","paper"],"related":[],"languages":["en"],"honorGate":false,"id":"deseret","label":"Deseret alphabet","type":"alphabet","region":"Utah · historical LDS use","era":"1850s–1870s","unicode":{"blocks":["Deseret"],"sample":"𐐀 𐐁 𐐂 𐐃 𐐄 𐐅 𐐆 𐐇 𐐈 𐐉 𐐊 𐐋 𐐌 𐐍 𐐎 𐐏 𐐐 𐐑 𐐒 𐐓 𐐔 𐐕 𐐖 𐐗 𐐘 𐐙 𐐚 𐐛 𐐜 𐐝 𐐞 𐐟 𐐠 𐐡 𐐢 𐐣 𐐤 𐐥 𐐦 𐐧 𐐨 𐐩 𐐪 𐐫 𐐬 𐐭 𐐮 𐐯 𐐰 𐐱 𐐲 𐐳 𐐴 𐐵 𐐶 𐐷 𐐸 𐐹 𐐺 𐐻 𐐼 𐐽 𐐾 𐐿 𐑀 𐑁 𐑂 𐑃 𐑄 𐑅 𐑆 𐑇 𐑈 𐑉 𐑊 𐑋 𐑌 𐑍 𐑎 𐑏","note":"Deseret capital + small","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"alphabet","letters":["𐐀","𐐁","𐐂","𐐃","𐐄","𐐅","𐐆","𐐇","𐐈","𐐉","𐐊","𐐋","𐐌","𐐍","𐐎","𐐏","𐐐","𐐑","𐐒","𐐓","𐐔","𐐕","𐐖","𐐗","𐐘","𐐙","𐐚","𐐛","𐐜","𐐝","𐐞","𐐟","𐐠","𐐡","𐐢","𐐣","𐐤","𐐥","𐐦","𐐧","𐐨","𐐩","𐐪","𐐫","𐐬","𐐭","𐐮","𐐯","𐐰","𐐱","𐐲","𐐳","𐐴","𐐵","𐐶","𐐷","𐐸","𐐹","𐐺","𐐻","𐐼","𐐽","𐐾","𐐿","𐑀","𐑁","𐑂","𐑃","𐑄","𐑅","𐑆","𐑇","𐑈","𐑉","𐑊","𐑋","𐑌","𐑍","𐑎","𐑏"],"complete":true,"note":"Deseret capital + small","case":"unicase","labels":null},"linkStatus":"living-iso-linked","livingLangs":["en"],"relatedModern":["en"]},{"dir":"ltr","status":"living","medium":["paper","palm leaf","stone","digital"],"related":[],"languages":["hi","sa","mr","ne","kok","mai","new","bh"],"honorGate":false,"id":"devanagari","label":"Devanagari","type":"abugida","region":"South Asia","era":"c. 1000 CE – present","unicode":{"blocks":["Devanagari"],"sample":"अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ऋ ऌ ए ऐ ओ औ अं अः क ख ग घ ङ च छ ज झ ञ ट ठ ड ढ ण त थ द ध न प फ ब भ म य र ल व श ष स ह","note":"Sanskrit-order independent vowels + consonants (no matras/conjuncts)","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"concepts":{"one":"एक","water":"जल","sun":"सूर्य","person":"मनुष्य"},"alphabet":{"kind":"abugida","letters":["अ","आ","इ","ई","उ","ऊ","ऋ","ऌ","ए","ऐ","ओ","औ","अं","अः","क","ख","ग","घ","ङ","च","छ","ज","झ","ञ","ट","ठ","ड","ढ","ण","त","थ","द","ध","न","प","फ","ब","भ","म","य","र","ल","व","श","ष","स","ह"],"complete":true,"note":"Sanskrit-order independent vowels + consonants (no matras/conjuncts)","case":"unicase","labels":null},"linkStatus":"living-iso-linked","livingLangs":["hi","sa","mr","ne","kok","mai","new","bh"],"relatedModern":["hi","sa","mr","ne","kok","mai","new","bh"]},{"dir":"ltr","status":"historical","medium":["stone","wood","papyrus","metal","bone"],"related":["hieratic","demotic","coptic"],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"egyptian-hieroglyphs","label":"Egyptian hieroglyphs","alt":["Medu netjer","Hieroglyphic Egyptian"],"type":"logosyllabic","region":"Nile Valley · Egypt / Nubia","era":"c. 3200 BCE – 400 CE","family":"Afroasiatic · Egyptian","unicode":{"blocks":["Egyptian Hieroglyphs"],"sample":"𓀀𓁐𓂧𓃭𓆓","note":"Unicode Egyptian Hieroglyphs","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"samples":[{"label":"sun (ra)","text":"𓇳","note":"solar disk"},{"label":"water (n)","text":"𓈖","note":"ripple of water"},{"label":"person","text":"𓀀","note":"seated man determinative"}],"concepts":{"sun":"𓇳","water":"𓈖","person":"𓀀"},"alphabet":{"kind":"inventory","letters":["𓀀","𓀁","𓀂","𓀃","𓀄","𓀅","𓀆","𓀇","𓀈","𓀉","𓀊","𓀋","𓀌","𓀍","𓀎","𓀏","𓀐","𓀑","𓀒","𓀓","𓀔","𓀕","𓀖","𓀗","𓀘","𓀙","𓀚","𓀛","𓀜","𓀝","𓀞","𓀟","𓀠","𓀡","𓀢","𓀣","𓀤","𓀥","𓀦","𓀧","𓀨","𓀩","𓀪","𓀫","𓀬","𓀭","𓀮","𓀯","𓀰","𓀱","𓀲","𓀳","𓀴","𓀵","𓀶","𓀷","𓀸","𓀹","𓀺","𓀻","𓀼","𓀽","𓀾","𓀿","𓁀","𓁁","𓁂","𓁃","𓁄","𓁅","𓁆","𓁇","𓁈","𓁉","𓁊","𓁋","𓁌","𓁍","𓁎","𓁏","𓁐","𓁑","𓁒","𓁓","𓁔","𓁕","𓁖","𓁗","𓁘","𓁙","𓁚","𓁛","𓁜","𓁝","𓁞","𓁟","𓁠","𓁡","𓁢","𓁣","𓁤","𓁥","𓁦","𓁧","𓁨","𓁩","𓁪","𓁫","𓁬","𓁭","𓁮","𓁯","𓁰","𓁱","𓁲","𓁳","𓁴","𓁵","𓁶","𓁷","𓁸","𓁹","𓁺","𓁻","𓁼","𓁽","𓁾","𓁿","𓂀","𓂁","𓂂","𓂃","𓂄","𓂅","𓂆","𓂇","𓂈","𓂉","𓂊","𓂋","𓂌","𓂍","𓂎","𓂏","𓂐","𓂑","𓂒","𓂓","𓂔","𓂕","𓂖","𓂗","𓂘","𓂙","𓂚","𓂛","𓂜","𓂝","𓂞","𓂟","𓂠","𓂡","𓂢","𓂣","𓂤","𓂥","𓂦","𓂧","𓂨","𓂩","𓂪","𓂫","𓂬","𓂭","𓂮","𓂯","𓂰","𓂱","𓂲","𓂳","𓂴","𓂵","𓂶","𓂷","𓂸","𓂹","𓂺","𓂻","𓂼","𓂽","𓂾","𓂿","𓃀","𓃁","𓃂","𓃃","𓃄","𓃅","𓃆","𓃇","𓃈","𓃉","𓃊","𓃋","𓃌","𓃍","𓃎","𓃏","𓃐","𓃑","𓃒","𓃓","𓃔","𓃕","𓃖","𓃗","𓃘","𓃙","𓃚","𓃛","𓃜","𓃝","𓃞","𓃟","𓃠","𓃡","𓃢","𓃣","𓃤","𓃥","𓃦","𓃧","𓃨","𓃩","𓃪","𓃫","𓃬","𓃭","𓃮","𓃯","𓃰","𓃱","𓃲","𓃳","𓃴","𓃵","𓃶","𓃷","𓃸","𓃹","𓃺","𓃻","𓃼","𓃽","𓃾","𓃿"],"complete":false,"note":"Logosyllabic: ~700+ common Gardiner signs; Unicode Egyptian Hieroglyphs is larger. Showing first 256 code points of the block as inventory sample.","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["cop"],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Ancient Egyptian","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"historical","medium":["stone","metal","pottery"],"related":["latin","greek"],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"etruscan-old-italic","label":"Etruscan / Old Italic","type":"alphabet","region":"Italy","era":"c. 700–100 BCE","unicode":{"blocks":["Old Italic"],"sample":"𐌀𐌁𐌂𐌃","note":"Unicode Old Italic (Etruscan-related)","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"alphabet","letters":["𐌀","𐌁","𐌂","𐌃","𐌄","𐌅","𐌆","𐌇","𐌈","𐌉","𐌊","𐌋","𐌌","𐌍","𐌎","𐌏","𐌐","𐌑","𐌒","𐌓","𐌔","𐌕","𐌖","𐌗","𐌘","𐌙","𐌚","𐌛","𐌜","𐌝","𐌞","𐌟"],"complete":true,"note":"Old Italic block (Etruscan / Oscan / Umbrian shared encoding)","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["it","la"],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Old Italic family","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"living","medium":["body","flags"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"ipl-semaphore-flags","label":"Flag semaphore","type":"semasiographic","region":"maritime · global","era":"19th c. – present training","unicode":{"sample":"A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z","note":"Flag semaphore positions · signal code","sampleKind":"diagram","representation":"diagram","visualHint":"⚑⚐⚑"},"alphabet":{"kind":"alphabet","letters":["A","B","C","D","E","F","G","H","I","J","K","L","M","N","O","P","Q","R","S","T","U","V","W","X","Y","Z"],"complete":true,"note":"International flag semaphore maps to Latin A–Z (plus numerals in full code).","case":"upper","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["en"],"linkStatus":"living-semasiographic","linkNote":"Signal code · not orthography","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"living","medium":["parchment","paper","stone","digital"],"related":[],"languages":["ka"],"honorGate":false,"id":"georgian","label":"Georgian (Mkhedruli)","type":"alphabet","region":"Georgia","era":"c. 400 CE – present","unicode":{"blocks":["Georgian"],"sample":"ა ბ გ დ ე ვ ზ თ ი კ ლ მ ნ ო პ ჟ რ ს ტ უ ფ ქ ღ ყ შ ჩ ც ძ წ ჭ ხ ჯ ჰ","note":"Mkhedruli modern Georgian (33 letters)","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"alphabet","letters":["ა","ბ","გ","დ","ე","ვ","ზ","თ","ი","კ","ლ","მ","ნ","ო","პ","ჟ","რ","ს","ტ","უ","ფ","ქ","ღ","ყ","შ","ჩ","ც","ძ","წ","ჭ","ხ","ჯ","ჰ"],"complete":true,"note":"Mkhedruli modern Georgian (33 letters)","case":"unicase","labels":null},"linkStatus":"living-iso-linked","livingLangs":["ka"],"relatedModern":["ka"]},{"dir":"ltr","status":"living","medium":["parchment","paper","stone","digital"],"related":[],"languages":["am","ti","gez","om"],"honorGate":false,"id":"geez-ethiopic","label":"Geʿez / Ethiopic","type":"abugida","region":"Horn of Africa","era":"c. 100 BCE – present","unicode":{"blocks":["Ethiopic"],"sample":"ሀ ሁ ሂ ሃ ሄ ህ ሆ ለ ሉ ሊ ላ ሌ ል ሎ ሐ ሑ ሒ ሓ ሔ ሕ ሖ መ ሙ ሚ ማ ሜ ም ሞ ሠ ሡ ሢ ሣ ሤ ሥ ሦ ረ ሩ ሪ ራ ሬ ር ሮ ሰ ሱ ሲ ሳ ሴ ስ ሶ ሸ ሹ ሺ ሻ ሼ ሽ ሾ ቀ ቁ ቂ ቃ ቄ ቅ ቆ በ ቡ ቢ ባ ቤ ብ ቦ ቨ ቩ ቪ ቫ ቬ ቭ ቮ ተ ቱ ቲ ታ ቴ ት ቶ ቸ ቹ ቺ ቻ ቼ ች ቾ ኀ ኁ ኂ ኃ ኄ ኅ ኆ ነ ኑ ኒ ና ኔ ን ኖ ኘ ኙ ኚ ኛ ኜ ኝ ኞ አ ኡ ኢ ኣ ኤ እ ኦ ከ ኩ ኪ ካ ኬ ክ ኮ ኰ ኱ ኲ ኳ ኴ ኵ ኶ ኸ ኹ ኺ ኻ ኼ ኽ ኾ ዀ ዁ ዂ ዃ ዄ ዅ ዆ ወ ዉ ዊ ዋ ዌ ው ዎ ዐ ዑ ዒ ዓ ዔ ዕ ዖ ዘ ዙ ዚ ዛ ዜ ዝ ዞ ዠ ዡ ዢ ዣ ዤ ዥ ዦ የ ዩ ዪ ያ ዬ ይ ዮ ደ ዱ ዲ ዳ ዴ ድ ዶ ጀ ጁ ጂ ጃ ጄ ጅ ጆ ገ ጉ ጊ ጋ ጌ ግ ጎ ጠ ጡ ጢ ጣ ጤ ጥ ጦ ጨ ጩ ጪ ጫ ጬ ጭ ጮ ጰ ጱ ጲ ጳ ጴ ጵ ጶ ጸ ጹ ጺ ጻ ጼ ጽ ጾ ፀ ፁ ፂ ፃ ፄ ፅ ፆ ፈ ፉ ፊ ፋ ፌ ፍ ፎ","note":"syllabic fidäl","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"abugida","letters":["ሀ","ሁ","ሂ","ሃ","ሄ","ህ","ሆ","ለ","ሉ","ሊ","ላ","ሌ","ል","ሎ","ሐ","ሑ","ሒ","ሓ","ሔ","ሕ","ሖ","መ","ሙ","ሚ","ማ","ሜ","ም","ሞ","ሠ","ሡ","ሢ","ሣ","ሤ","ሥ","ሦ","ረ","ሩ","ሪ","ራ","ሬ","ር","ሮ","ሰ","ሱ","ሲ","ሳ","ሴ","ስ","ሶ","ሸ","ሹ","ሺ","ሻ","ሼ","ሽ","ሾ","ቀ","ቁ","ቂ","ቃ","ቄ","ቅ","ቆ","በ","ቡ","ቢ","ባ","ቤ","ብ","ቦ","ቨ","ቩ","ቪ","ቫ","ቬ","ቭ","ቮ","ተ","ቱ","ቲ","ታ","ቴ","ት","ቶ","ቸ","ቹ","ቺ","ቻ","ቼ","ች","ቾ","ኀ","ኁ","ኂ","ኃ","ኄ","ኅ","ኆ","ነ","ኑ","ኒ","ና","ኔ","ን","ኖ","ኘ","ኙ","ኚ","ኛ","ኜ","ኝ","ኞ","አ","ኡ","ኢ","ኣ","ኤ","እ","ኦ","ከ","ኩ","ኪ","ካ","ኬ","ክ","ኮ","ኰ","኱","ኲ","ኳ","ኴ","ኵ","኶","ኸ","ኹ","ኺ","ኻ","ኼ","ኽ","ኾ","ዀ","዁","ዂ","ዃ","ዄ","ዅ","዆","ወ","ዉ","ዊ","ዋ","ዌ","ው","ዎ","ዐ","ዑ","ዒ","ዓ","ዔ","ዕ","ዖ","ዘ","ዙ","ዚ","ዛ","ዜ","ዝ","ዞ","ዠ","ዡ","ዢ","ዣ","ዤ","ዥ","ዦ","የ","ዩ","ዪ","ያ","ዬ","ይ","ዮ","ደ","ዱ","ዲ","ዳ","ዴ","ድ","ዶ","ጀ","ጁ","ጂ","ጃ","ጄ","ጅ","ጆ","ገ","ጉ","ጊ","ጋ","ጌ","ግ","ጎ","ጠ","ጡ","ጢ","ጣ","ጤ","ጥ","ጦ","ጨ","ጩ","ጪ","ጫ","ጬ","ጭ","ጮ","ጰ","ጱ","ጲ","ጳ","ጴ","ጵ","ጶ","ጸ","ጹ","ጺ","ጻ","ጼ","ጽ","ጾ","ፀ","ፁ","ፂ","ፃ","ፄ","ፅ","ፆ","ፈ","ፉ","ፊ","ፋ","ፌ","ፍ","ፎ"],"complete":true,"note":"Geʿez/Ethiopic fidäl — core series (7 orders × bases). Extended labiovelars omitted.","case":"unicase","labels":null},"linkStatus":"living-iso-linked","livingLangs":["am","ti","gez","om"],"relatedModern":["am","ti","gez","om"]},{"dir":"ltr","status":"ceremonial","medium":["parchment","stone","paper"],"related":["cyrillic","greek"],"languages":["cu"],"honorGate":false,"id":"glagolitic","label":"Glagolitic","type":"alphabet","region":"Slavic · Balkans · liturgy","era":"c. 860 CE – ceremonial use","unicode":{"blocks":["Glagolitic"],"sample":"Ⰰ Ⰱ Ⰲ Ⰳ Ⰴ Ⰵ Ⰶ Ⰷ Ⰸ Ⰹ Ⰺ Ⰻ Ⰼ Ⰽ Ⰾ Ⰿ Ⱀ Ⱁ Ⱂ Ⱃ Ⱄ Ⱅ Ⱆ Ⱇ Ⱈ Ⱉ Ⱊ Ⱋ Ⱌ Ⱍ Ⱎ Ⱏ Ⱐ Ⱑ Ⱒ Ⱓ Ⱔ Ⱕ Ⱖ Ⱗ Ⱘ Ⱙ Ⱚ Ⱛ Ⱜ Ⱝ Ⱞ Ⱟ","note":"pre-Cyrillic Slavic","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"alphabet","letters":["Ⰰ","Ⰱ","Ⰲ","Ⰳ","Ⰴ","Ⰵ","Ⰶ","Ⰷ","Ⰸ","Ⰹ","Ⰺ","Ⰻ","Ⰼ","Ⰽ","Ⰾ","Ⰿ","Ⱀ","Ⱁ","Ⱂ","Ⱃ","Ⱄ","Ⱅ","Ⱆ","Ⱇ","Ⱈ","Ⱉ","Ⱊ","Ⱋ","Ⱌ","Ⱍ","Ⱎ","Ⱏ","Ⱐ","Ⱑ","Ⱒ","Ⱓ","Ⱔ","Ⱕ","Ⱖ","Ⱗ","Ⱘ","Ⱙ","Ⱚ","Ⱛ","Ⱜ","Ⱝ","Ⱞ","Ⱟ"],"complete":true,"note":"Glagolitic capital letters (Unicode)","case":"unicase","labels":null},"linkStatus":"living-iso-linked","livingLangs":["cu"],"relatedModern":["cu"]},{"dir":"ltr","status":"historical","medium":["parchment"],"related":[],"languages":["got"],"honorGate":false,"id":"gothic-script","label":"Gothic (Ulfilan)","type":"alphabet","region":"Gothic peoples · Balkans","era":"c. 350–500 CE","unicode":{"blocks":["Gothic"],"sample":"𐌰 𐌱 𐌲 𐌳 𐌴 𐌵 𐌶 𐌷 𐌸 𐌹 𐌺 𐌻 𐌼 𐌽 𐌾 𐌿 𐍀 𐍁 𐍂 𐍃 𐍄 𐍅 𐍆 𐍇 𐍈 𐍉 𐍊","note":"Unicode Gothic","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"alphabet","letters":["𐌰","𐌱","𐌲","𐌳","𐌴","𐌵","𐌶","𐌷","𐌸","𐌹","𐌺","𐌻","𐌼","𐌽","𐌾","𐌿","𐍀","𐍁","𐍂","𐍃","𐍄","𐍅","𐍆","𐍇","𐍈","𐍉","𐍊"],"complete":true,"note":"Gothic alphabet (Wulfila)","case":"unicase","labels":null},"linkStatus":"living-iso-linked","livingLangs":["got"],"relatedModern":["got"]},{"dir":"ltr","status":"living","medium":["stone","pottery","papyrus","paper","digital"],"related":["phoenician","coptic","cyrillic","latin"],"languages":["el","grc"],"honorGate":false,"id":"greek","label":"Greek","type":"alphabet","region":"Greece · Mediterranean · scholarship","era":"c. 800 BCE – present","unicode":{"blocks":["Greek and Coptic","Greek Extended"],"sample":"Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ζ Η Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο Π Ρ Σ Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο π ρ σ ς τ υ φ χ ψ ω","note":"dual case","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"samples":[{"label":"alpha–kappa","text":"ΑΒΓΔΕΖΗΘΙΚ"}],"concepts":{"one":"ἕν","water":"ὕδωρ","sun":"ἥλιος","person":"ἄνθρωπος"},"alphabet":{"kind":"alphabet","letters":["Α","Β","Γ","Δ","Ε","Ζ","Η","Θ","Ι","Κ","Λ","Μ","Ν","Ξ","Ο","Π","Ρ","Σ","Τ","Υ","Φ","Χ","Ψ","Ω","α","β","γ","δ","ε","ζ","η","θ","ι","κ","λ","μ","ν","ξ","ο","π","ρ","σ","ς","τ","υ","φ","χ","ψ","ω"],"complete":true,"note":"Classical 24-letter Greek · final sigma ς","case":"dual","labels":null},"linkStatus":"living-iso-linked","livingLangs":["el","grc"],"relatedModern":["el","grc"]},{"dir":"ltr","status":"living","medium":["oracle bone","bronze","bamboo","silk","paper","stone","digital"],"related":["oracle-bone","japanese-kana","hangul","nushu","tangut","yi"],"languages":["zh","yue","ja","ko","vi-hist","wuu","nan","hak"],"honorGate":false,"id":"han-chinese","label":"Han characters (Chinese)","alt":["汉字","漢字","Hanzi","Kanji","Hanja"],"type":"logographic","region":"East Asia","era":"c. 1200 BCE – present","unicode":{"blocks":["CJK Unified Ideographs"],"sample":"一 乙 二 十 丁 厂 七 卜 八 人 入 儿 匕 几 九 刁 了 刀 力 乃 又 三 干 于 亏 工 土 士 才 下 寸 大 丈 与 万 上 小 口 山 巾 千 乞 川 亿 个 夕 久 么 勺 凡 丸 及 广 亡 门 丫 义 之 尸 己 已 巳 弓 子 卫 也 女 刃 飞 习 叉 马 乡 丰 王 开 井 天 夫 元 无 云 专 丐 扎 艺 木 五 支 厅 不 犬 太 区 历 友 尤 匹 车 巨 牙 屯 戈 比 互 切 瓦 止 少 曰 日 中 贝 冈 内 水 见 午 牛 手 气 毛 壬 升 夭 长 仁 什 片 仆 化 仇 币 仍 仅 斤 爪 反 介 父 从 仑 今 凶 分 乏 公 仓 月 氏 勿 欠 风 丹 匀 乌 勾 凤 六 文 亢 方 火 为 斗 忆 计 订 户 讣 认 心 尺 引 丑 巴 孔 队 办 以 允 予 邓 劝 双 书 幻","note":"logographs; many thousands","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"samples":[{"label":"oracle-bone lineage note","text":"甲骨文 → bronze → seal → regular","note":"historical stages"}],"concepts":{"sun":"日","water":"水","person":"人","house":"家","one":"一"},"alphabet":{"kind":"inventory","letters":["一","乙","二","十","丁","厂","七","卜","八","人","入","儿","匕","几","九","刁","了","刀","力","乃","又","三","干","于","亏","工","土","士","才","下","寸","大","丈","与","万","上","小","口","山","巾","千","乞","川","亿","个","夕","久","么","勺","凡","丸","及","广","亡","门","丫","义","之","尸","己","已","巳","弓","子","卫","也","女","刃","飞","习","叉","马","乡","丰","王","开","井","天","夫","元","无","云","专","丐","扎","艺","木","五","支","厅","不","犬","太","区","历","友","尤","匹","车","巨","牙","屯","戈","比","互","切","瓦","止","少","曰","日","中","贝","冈","内","水","见","午","牛","手","气","毛","壬","升","夭","长","仁","什","片","仆","化","仇","币","仍","仅","斤","爪","反","介","父","从","仑","今","凶","分","乏","公","仓","月","氏","勿","欠","风","丹","匀","乌","勾","凤","六","文","亢","方","火","为","斗","忆","计","订","户","讣","认","心","尺","引","丑","巴","孔","队","办","以","允","予","邓","劝","双","书","幻"],"complete":false,"note":"Logographic: no closed alphabet. Showing common elementary characters (stroke-order beginners set). Full CJK Unified Ideographs = tens of thousands.","case":"unicase","labels":null},"linkStatus":"living-iso-linked","livingLangs":["zh","yue","ja","ko","vi-hist","wuu","nan","hak"],"relatedModern":["zh","yue","ja","ko","vi-hist","wuu","nan","hak"]},{"dir":"ltr","status":"living","medium":["paper","stone","digital"],"related":[],"languages":["ko","zh","yue","wuu","nan","hak"],"honorGate":false,"id":"hangul","label":"Hangul","type":"featural","region":"Korea","era":"1443 CE – present","unicode":{"blocks":["Hangul Syllables","Hangul Jamo"],"sample":"ᄀ ᄁ ᄂ ᄃ ᄄ ᄅ ᄆ ᄇ ᄈ ᄉ ᄊ ᄋ ᄌ ᄍ ᄎ ᄏ ᄐ ᄑ ᄒ ᅡ ᅢ ᅣ ᅤ ᅥ ᅦ ᅧ ᅨ ᅩ ᅪ ᅫ ᅬ ᅭ ᅮ ᅯ ᅰ ᅱ ᅲ ᅳ ᅴ ᅵ ᆨ ᆩ ᆪ ᆫ ᆬ ᆭ ᆮ ᆯ ᆰ ᆱ ᆲ ᆳ ᆴ ᆵ ᆶ ᆷ ᆸ ᆹ ᆺ ᆻ ᆼ ᆽ ᆾ ᆿ ᇀ ᇁ ᇂ ㄱ ㄲ ㄳ ㄴ ㄵ ㄶ ㄷ ㄸ ㄹ ㄺ ㄻ ㄼ ㄽ ㄾ ㄿ ㅀ ㅁ ㅂ ㅃ ㅄ ㅅ ㅆ ㅇ ㅈ ㅉ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ ㅏ ㅐ ㅑ ㅒ ㅓ ㅔ ㅕ ㅖ ㅗ ㅘ ㅙ ㅚ ㅛ ㅜ ㅝ ㅞ ㅟ ㅠ ㅡ ㅢ ㅣ","note":"Hangul: full modern jamo inventory shown. Syllable blocks = 11,172 precomposed (U+AC00–D7A3) — use jamo composition.","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"concepts":{"one":"하나","water":"물","sun":"해","person":"사람"},"alphabet":{"kind":"syllabary","letters":["ᄀ","ᄁ","ᄂ","ᄃ","ᄄ","ᄅ","ᄆ","ᄇ","ᄈ","ᄉ","ᄊ","ᄋ","ᄌ","ᄍ","ᄎ","ᄏ","ᄐ","ᄑ","ᄒ","ᅡ","ᅢ","ᅣ","ᅤ","ᅥ","ᅦ","ᅧ","ᅨ","ᅩ","ᅪ","ᅫ","ᅬ","ᅭ","ᅮ","ᅯ","ᅰ","ᅱ","ᅲ","ᅳ","ᅴ","ᅵ","ᆨ","ᆩ","ᆪ","ᆫ","ᆬ","ᆭ","ᆮ","ᆯ","ᆰ","ᆱ","ᆲ","ᆳ","ᆴ","ᆵ","ᆶ","ᆷ","ᆸ","ᆹ","ᆺ","ᆻ","ᆼ","ᆽ","ᆾ","ᆿ","ᇀ","ᇁ","ᇂ","ㄱ","ㄲ","ㄳ","ㄴ","ㄵ","ㄶ","ㄷ","ㄸ","ㄹ","ㄺ","ㄻ","ㄼ","ㄽ","ㄾ","ㄿ","ㅀ","ㅁ","ㅂ","ㅃ","ㅄ","ㅅ","ㅆ","ㅇ","ㅈ","ㅉ","ㅊ","ㅋ","ㅌ","ㅍ","ㅎ","ㅏ","ㅐ","ㅑ","ㅒ","ㅓ","ㅔ","ㅕ","ㅖ","ㅗ","ㅘ","ㅙ","ㅚ","ㅛ","ㅜ","ㅝ","ㅞ","ㅟ","ㅠ","ㅡ","ㅢ","ㅣ"],"complete":false,"note":"Hangul: full modern jamo inventory shown. Syllable blocks = 11,172 precomposed (U+AC00–D7A3) — use jamo composition.","case":"unicase","labels":null},"linkStatus":"living-iso-linked","livingLangs":["ko","zh","yue","wuu","nan","hak"],"relatedModern":["ko","zh","yue","wuu","nan","hak"]},{"dir":"rtl","status":"living","medium":["parchment","paper","stone","digital"],"related":[],"languages":["he","yi","lad"],"honorGate":false,"id":"hebrew","label":"Hebrew","type":"abjad","region":"Levant · diaspora","era":"c. 1000 BCE – present","unicode":{"blocks":["Hebrew"],"sample":"א ב ג ד ה ו ז ח ט י כ ל מ נ ס ע פ צ ק ר ש ת ך ם ן ף ץ","note":"square script","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"samples":[{"label":"alef–yod","text":"אבגדהוזחטי"}],"concepts":{"one":"א","water":"מים","sun":"שמש","person":"אדם"},"alphabet":{"kind":"abjad","letters":["א","ב","ג","ד","ה","ו","ז","ח","ט","י","כ","ל","מ","נ","ס","ע","פ","צ","ק","ר","ש","ת","ך","ם","ן","ף","ץ"],"complete":true,"note":"22 letters + 5 final forms (sofit)","case":"unicase","labels":null},"linkStatus":"living-iso-linked","livingLangs":["he","yi","lad"],"relatedModern":["he","yi","lad"]},{"dir":"ltr","status":"historical","medium":["papyrus","wood","ostraca","stone"],"related":["egyptian-hieroglyphs","demotic"],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"hieratic","label":"Hieratic","type":"mixed","region":"Egypt","era":"c. 3000 BCE – 300 CE","family":"Egyptian cursive of hieroglyphs","unicode":{"sample":"𓀀𓁐𓂧𓃭","note":"Hieratic encoded via Egyptological conventions; sample is hieroglyph proxy","blocks":["Egyptian Hieroglyphs"],"sampleKind":"related-script-proxy","proxyOf":"egyptian-hieroglyphs"},"samples":[{"label":"note","text":"(cursive of hieroglyphs)","note":"administrative & literary hand"}],"alphabet":{"kind":"media","letters":[],"complete":false,"note":"Cursive of hieroglyphs — no separate full Unicode alphabet; use Egyptological transcription.","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["cop"],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Egyptian cursive","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"historical","medium":["papyrus","leather","stone","clay"],"related":["hebrew","syriac","arabic","nabataean"],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"aramaic-imperial","label":"Imperial Aramaic","type":"abjad","region":"Near East · Achaemenid empire lingua franca","era":"c. 700–300 BCE","unicode":{"blocks":["Imperial Aramaic"],"sample":"𐡀𐡁𐡂𐡃","note":"Unicode Imperial Aramaic","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"abjad","letters":["𐡀","𐡁","𐡂","𐡃","𐡄","𐡅","𐡆","𐡇","𐡈","𐡉","𐡊","𐡋","𐡌","𐡍","𐡎","𐡏","𐡐","𐡑","𐡒","𐡓","𐡔","𐡕"],"complete":true,"note":"22 Imperial Aramaic letters","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["arc","syr","he","ar"],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Ancestor of many abjads","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"historical","medium":["fiber","cotton","camelid wool","knots"],"related":["andean-tocapu","wampum"],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"inca-quipu","label":"Inca quipu (khipu)","alt":["Andean knotted-cord records"],"type":"knot_record","region":"Andes · Tawantinsuyu","era":"c. 1400–1600 CE (roots earlier)","unicode":{"sample":null,"note":"Knot record · color/spin/position · not Unicode script","sampleKind":"structural-diagram","representation":"structural-diagram","visualHint":"│├─┤●◆"},"samples":[{"label":"encoding axes","text":"color · cord attachment · knot type (single/long/figure-eight) · position · ply","note":"tactile + visual"},{"label":"unit idea","text":"decimal place-value in many administrative khipu","note":"Urton, Brokaw, Hyland et al. open research"}],"concepts":{"one":"(single knot unit)","person":"(census cord groups)"},"alphabet":{"kind":"media","letters":[],"complete":false,"note":"Knot record — cords/colors/knots, not an alphabet.","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["qu"],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Knot record · Quechua cultural context","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"undeciphered","medium":["stone seals","pottery","copper","bone"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"indus","label":"Indus / Harappan script","type":"undeciphered","region":"Indus Valley","era":"c. 2600–1900 BCE","unicode":{"sample":null,"note":"Seal corpus · undeciphered · specialized encodings","sampleKind":"image-corpus","representation":"image-corpus"},"alphabet":{"kind":"undeciphered","letters":[],"complete":false,"note":"Indus signs catalogued by corpus (Mahadevan / Parpola) — undeciphered.","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":[],"linkStatus":"undeciphered-no-living","linkNote":"Undeciphered","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"undeciphered","medium":["stone","ceramic"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"epi-olmec","label":"Isthmian / Epi-Olmec","type":"undeciphered","region":"Isthmus of Tehuantepec","era":"c. 300 BCE – 500 CE","unicode":{"sample":null,"note":"Limited corpus · decipherment disputed","sampleKind":"image-corpus","representation":"image-corpus"},"alphabet":{"kind":"undeciphered","letters":[],"complete":false,"note":"Epi-Olmec / Isthmian — sparse corpus.","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":[],"linkStatus":"undeciphered-no-living","linkNote":"Undeciphered Mesoamerican","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"living","medium":["paper","wood","digital"],"related":["han-chinese"],"languages":["ja"],"honorGate":false,"id":"japanese-kana","label":"Japanese kana (hiragana · katakana)","type":"syllabary","region":"Japan","era":"c. 800 CE – present","unicode":{"blocks":["Hiragana","Katakana"],"sample":"あ い う え お か き く け こ さ し す せ そ た ち つ て と な に ぬ ね の は ひ ふ へ ほ ま み む め も や ゆ よ ら り る れ ろ わ を ん が ぎ ぐ げ ご ざ じ ず ぜ ぞ だ ぢ づ で ど ば び ぶ べ ぼ ぱ ぴ ぷ ぺ ぽ ぁ ぃ ぅ ぇ ぉ っ ゃ ゅ ょ ゎ ア イ ウ エ オ カ キ ク ケ コ サ シ ス セ ソ タ チ ツ テ ト ナ ニ ヌ ネ ノ ハ ヒ フ ヘ ホ マ ミ ム メ モ ヤ ユ ヨ ラ リ ル レ ロ ワ ヲ ン ガ ギ グ ゲ ゴ ザ ジ ズ ゼ ゾ ダ ヂ ヅ デ ド バ ビ ブ ベ ボ パ ピ プ ペ ポ ァ ィ ゥ ェ ォ ッ ャ ュ ョ ヮ","note":"Modern hiragana + katakana gojūon (including dakuten/handakuten/small)","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"concepts":{"one":"いち","water":"みず","sun":"ひ","person":"ひと"},"alphabet":{"kind":"syllabary","letters":["あ","い","う","え","お","か","き","く","け","こ","さ","し","す","せ","そ","た","ち","つ","て","と","な","に","ぬ","ね","の","は","ひ","ふ","へ","ほ","ま","み","む","め","も","や","ゆ","よ","ら","り","る","れ","ろ","わ","を","ん","が","ぎ","ぐ","げ","ご","ざ","じ","ず","ぜ","ぞ","だ","ぢ","づ","で","ど","ば","び","ぶ","べ","ぼ","ぱ","ぴ","ぷ","ぺ","ぽ","ぁ","ぃ","ぅ","ぇ","ぉ","っ","ゃ","ゅ","ょ","ゎ","ア","イ","ウ","エ","オ","カ","キ","ク","ケ","コ","サ","シ","ス","セ","ソ","タ","チ","ツ","テ","ト","ナ","ニ","ヌ","ネ","ノ","ハ","ヒ","フ","ヘ","ホ","マ","ミ","ム","メ","モ","ヤ","ユ","ヨ","ラ","リ","ル","レ","ロ","ワ","ヲ","ン","ガ","ギ","グ","ゲ","ゴ","ザ","ジ","ズ","ゼ","ゾ","ダ","ヂ","ヅ","デ","ド","バ","ビ","ブ","ベ","ボ","パ","ピ","プ","ペ","ポ","ァ","ィ","ゥ","ェ","ォ","ッ","ャ","ュ","ョ","ヮ"],"complete":true,"note":"Modern hiragana + katakana gojūon (including dakuten/handakuten/small)","case":"unicase","labels":null},"linkStatus":"living-iso-linked","livingLangs":["ja"],"relatedModern":["ja"]},{"dir":"rtl","status":"historical","medium":["birch bark","stone","wood"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"kharoshthi","label":"Kharoṣṭhī","type":"abugida","region":"Gandhara · Central Asia","era":"c. 300 BCE – 300 CE","unicode":{"blocks":["Kharoshthi"],"sample":"𐨀𐨁𐨂𐨃","note":"Unicode Kharoshthi","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"abugida","letters":["𐨀","𐨁","𐨂","𐨃","𐨄","𐨅","𐨆","𐨇","𐨈","𐨉","𐨊","𐨋","𐨌","𐨍","𐨎","𐨏","𐨐","𐨑","𐨒","𐨓","𐨕","𐨖","𐨗","𐨙","𐨚","𐨛","𐨜","𐨝","𐨞","𐨟","𐨠","𐨡","𐨢","𐨣","𐨤","𐨥","𐨦","𐨧","𐨨","𐨩","𐨪","𐨫","𐨬","𐨭","𐨮","𐨯","𐨰","𐨱","𐨲","𐨳","𐨴","𐨵"],"complete":true,"note":"Kharoshthi letters (Unicode)","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["hi","sa","pa"],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Gandhari historical","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"living","medium":["stone","wax","papyrus","paper","digital","wood"],"related":["etruscan-old-italic","greek","runic","ogham"],"languages":["la","en","es","fr","de","pt","it","pl","tr","vi","id","nl","sv","ms","sw","fi","hu","cs","sk","ro","hr","sq","lt","lv","et","ga","cy","af","da","no","is","tl","eu","zu","xh","yo","ig","mi","sm","ty","nav","ca","gl","sr"],"honorGate":false,"id":"latin","label":"Latin","type":"alphabet","region":"global","era":"c. 700 BCE – present","unicode":{"blocks":["Basic Latin","Latin Extended"],"sample":"A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z","note":"world's most spread alphabet","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"concepts":{"one":"unus","water":"aqua","sun":"sol","person":"homo","house":"domus"},"alphabet":{"kind":"alphabet","letters":["A","B","C","D","E","F","G","H","I","J","K","L","M","N","O","P","Q","R","S","T","U","V","W","X","Y","Z","a","b","c","d","e","f","g","h","i","j","k","l","m","n","o","p","q","r","s","t","u","v","w","x","y","z"],"complete":true,"note":"Basic Latin letters · extended diacritics vary by orthography","case":"dual","labels":null},"linkStatus":"living-iso-linked","livingLangs":["la","en","es","fr","de","pt","it","pl","tr","vi","id","nl","sv","ms","sw","fi","hu","cs","sk","ro","hr","sq","lt","lv","et","ga","cy","af","da","no","is","tl","eu","zu","xh","yo","ig","mi","sm","ty","nav","ca","gl","sr"],"relatedModern":["la","en","es","fr","de","pt","it","pl","tr","vi","id","nl","sv","ms","sw","fi","hu","cs","sk","ro","hr","sq","lt","lv","et","ga","cy","af","da","no","is","tl","eu","zu","xh","yo","ig","mi","sm","ty","nav","ca","gl","sr"]},{"dir":"ltr","status":"undeciphered","medium":["clay","stone"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"linear-a","label":"Linear A","type":"undeciphered","region":"Minoan Crete","era":"c. 1800–1450 BCE","unicode":{"blocks":["Linear A"],"sample":"𐘀 𐘁 𐘂 𐘃 𐘄 𐘅 𐘆 𐘇 𐘈 𐘉 𐘊 𐘋 𐘌 𐘍 𐘎 𐘏 𐘐 𐘑 𐘒 𐘓 𐘔 𐘕 𐘖 𐘗 𐘘 𐘙 𐘚 𐘛 𐘜 𐘝 𐘞 𐘟 𐘠 𐘡 𐘢 𐘣 𐘤 𐘥 𐘦 𐘧 𐘨 𐘩 𐘪 𐘫 𐘬 𐘭 𐘮 𐘯 𐘰 𐘱 𐘲 𐘳 𐘴 𐘵 𐘶 𐘷 𐘸 𐘹 𐘺 𐘻 𐘼 𐘽 𐘾 𐘿 𐙀 𐙁 𐙂 𐙃 𐙄 𐙅 𐙆 𐙇 𐙈 𐙉 𐙊 𐙋 𐙌 𐙍 𐙎 𐙏 𐙐 𐙑 𐙒 𐙓 𐙔 𐙕 𐙖 𐙗 𐙘 𐙙 𐙚 𐙛 𐙜 𐙝 𐙞 𐙟 𐙠 𐙡 𐙢 𐙣 𐙤 𐙥 𐙦 𐙧 𐙨 𐙩 𐙪 𐙫 𐙬 𐙭 𐙮 𐙯 𐙰 𐙱 𐙲 𐙳 𐙴 𐙵 𐙶 𐙷 𐙸 𐙹 𐙺 𐙻 𐙼 𐙽 𐙾 𐙿 𐚀 𐚁 𐚂 𐚃 𐚄 𐚅 𐚆 𐚇 𐚈 𐚉 𐚊 𐚋 𐚌 𐚍 𐚎 𐚏 𐚐 𐚑 𐚒 𐚓 𐚔 𐚕 𐚖 𐚗 𐚘 𐚙 𐚚 𐚛 𐚜 𐚝 𐚞 𐚟 𐚠 𐚡 𐚢 𐚣 𐚤 𐚥 𐚦 𐚧 𐚨 𐚩 𐚪 𐚫 𐚬 𐚭 𐚮 𐚯 𐚰 𐚱 𐚲 𐚳 𐚴 𐚵 𐚶 𐚷 𐚸 𐚹 𐚺 𐚻 𐚼 𐚽 𐚾 𐚿 𐛀 𐛁 𐛂 𐛃 𐛄 𐛅 𐛆 𐛇 𐛈 𐛉 𐛊 𐛋 𐛌 𐛍 𐛎 𐛏 𐛐 𐛑 𐛒 𐛓 𐛔 𐛕 𐛖 𐛗 𐛘 𐛙 𐛚 𐛛 𐛜 𐛝 𐛞 𐛟 𐛠 𐛡 𐛢 𐛣 𐛤 𐛥 𐛦 𐛧 𐛨 𐛩 𐛪 𐛫 𐛬 𐛭 𐛮 𐛯 𐛰 𐛱 𐛲 𐛳 𐛴 𐛵 𐛶 𐛷 𐛸 𐛹 𐛺 𐛻 𐛼 𐛽 𐛾 𐛿 𐜀 𐜁 𐜂 𐜃 𐜄 𐜅 𐜆 𐜇 𐜈 𐜉 𐜊 𐜋 𐜌 𐜍 𐜎 𐜏 𐜐 𐜑 𐜒 𐜓 𐜔 𐜕 𐜖 𐜗 𐜘 𐜙 𐜚 𐜛 𐜜 𐜝 𐜞 𐜟 𐜠 𐜡 𐜢 𐜣 𐜤 𐜥 𐜦 𐜧 𐜨 𐜩 𐜪 𐜫 𐜬 𐜭 𐜮 𐜯 𐜰 𐜱 𐜲 𐜳 𐜴 𐜵 𐜶","note":"encoded; language undeciphered","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"undeciphered","letters":["𐘀","𐘁","𐘂","𐘃","𐘄","𐘅","𐘆","𐘇","𐘈","𐘉","𐘊","𐘋","𐘌","𐘍","𐘎","𐘏","𐘐","𐘑","𐘒","𐘓","𐘔","𐘕","𐘖","𐘗","𐘘","𐘙","𐘚","𐘛","𐘜","𐘝","𐘞","𐘟","𐘠","𐘡","𐘢","𐘣","𐘤","𐘥","𐘦","𐘧","𐘨","𐘩","𐘪","𐘫","𐘬","𐘭","𐘮","𐘯","𐘰","𐘱","𐘲","𐘳","𐘴","𐘵","𐘶","𐘷","𐘸","𐘹","𐘺","𐘻","𐘼","𐘽","𐘾","𐘿","𐙀","𐙁","𐙂","𐙃","𐙄","𐙅","𐙆","𐙇","𐙈","𐙉","𐙊","𐙋","𐙌","𐙍","𐙎","𐙏","𐙐","𐙑","𐙒","𐙓","𐙔","𐙕","𐙖","𐙗","𐙘","𐙙","𐙚","𐙛","𐙜","𐙝","𐙞","𐙟","𐙠","𐙡","𐙢","𐙣","𐙤","𐙥","𐙦","𐙧","𐙨","𐙩","𐙪","𐙫","𐙬","𐙭","𐙮","𐙯","𐙰","𐙱","𐙲","𐙳","𐙴","𐙵","𐙶","𐙷","𐙸","𐙹","𐙺","𐙻","𐙼","𐙽","𐙾","𐙿","𐚀","𐚁","𐚂","𐚃","𐚄","𐚅","𐚆","𐚇","𐚈","𐚉","𐚊","𐚋","𐚌","𐚍","𐚎","𐚏","𐚐","𐚑","𐚒","𐚓","𐚔","𐚕","𐚖","𐚗","𐚘","𐚙","𐚚","𐚛","𐚜","𐚝","𐚞","𐚟","𐚠","𐚡","𐚢","𐚣","𐚤","𐚥","𐚦","𐚧","𐚨","𐚩","𐚪","𐚫","𐚬","𐚭","𐚮","𐚯","𐚰","𐚱","𐚲","𐚳","𐚴","𐚵","𐚶","𐚷","𐚸","𐚹","𐚺","𐚻","𐚼","𐚽","𐚾","𐚿","𐛀","𐛁","𐛂","𐛃","𐛄","𐛅","𐛆","𐛇","𐛈","𐛉","𐛊","𐛋","𐛌","𐛍","𐛎","𐛏","𐛐","𐛑","𐛒","𐛓","𐛔","𐛕","𐛖","𐛗","𐛘","𐛙","𐛚","𐛛","𐛜","𐛝","𐛞","𐛟","𐛠","𐛡","𐛢","𐛣","𐛤","𐛥","𐛦","𐛧","𐛨","𐛩","𐛪","𐛫","𐛬","𐛭","𐛮","𐛯","𐛰","𐛱","𐛲","𐛳","𐛴","𐛵","𐛶","𐛷","𐛸","𐛹","𐛺","𐛻","𐛼","𐛽","𐛾","𐛿","𐜀","𐜁","𐜂","𐜃","𐜄","𐜅","𐜆","𐜇","𐜈","𐜉","𐜊","𐜋","𐜌","𐜍","𐜎","𐜏","𐜐","𐜑","𐜒","𐜓","𐜔","𐜕","𐜖","𐜗","𐜘","𐜙","𐜚","𐜛","𐜜","𐜝","𐜞","𐜟","𐜠","𐜡","𐜢","𐜣","𐜤","𐜥","𐜦","𐜧","𐜨","𐜩","𐜪","𐜫","𐜬","𐜭","𐜮","𐜯","𐜰","𐜱","𐜲","𐜳","𐜴","𐜵","𐜶"],"complete":false,"note":"Linear A signs encoded; language undeciphered — inventory ≠ readings.","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":[],"linkStatus":"undeciphered-no-living","linkNote":"Undeciphered","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"historical","medium":["clay"],"related":["linear-a","cypriot-syllabary"],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"linear-b","label":"Linear B","type":"syllabary","region":"Mycenaean Greece · Crete","era":"c. 1450–1200 BCE","unicode":{"blocks":["Linear B Syllabary","Linear B Ideograms"],"sample":"𐀀𐀁𐀂𐀃","note":"Unicode Linear B","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"samples":[{"label":"a e i o u","text":"𐀀𐀁𐀂𐀃𐀄"}],"alphabet":{"kind":"syllabary","letters":["𐀀","𐀁","𐀂","𐀃","𐀄","𐀅","𐀆","𐀇","𐀈","𐀉","𐀊","𐀋","𐀍","𐀎","𐀏","𐀐","𐀑","𐀒","𐀓","𐀔","𐀕","𐀖","𐀗","𐀘","𐀙","𐀚","𐀛","𐀜","𐀝","𐀞","𐀟","𐀠","𐀡","𐀢","𐀣","𐀤","𐀥","𐀦","𐀨","𐀩","𐀪","𐀫","𐀬","𐀭","𐀮","𐀯","𐀰","𐀱","𐀲","𐀳","𐀴","𐀵","𐀶","𐀷","𐀸","𐀹","𐀺","𐀼","𐀽","𐀿","𐁀","𐁁","𐁂","𐁃","𐁄","𐁅","𐁆","𐁇","𐁈","𐁉","𐁊","𐁋","𐁌","𐁍","𐁐","𐁑","𐁒","𐁓","𐁔","𐁕","𐁖","𐁗","𐁘","𐁙","𐁚","𐁛","𐁜","𐁝","𐂀","𐂁","𐂂","𐂃","𐂄","𐂅","𐂆","𐂇","𐂈","𐂉","𐂊","𐂋","𐂌","𐂍","𐂎","𐂏","𐂐","𐂑","𐂒","𐂓","𐂔","𐂕","𐂖","𐂗","𐂘","𐂙","𐂚","𐂛","𐂜","𐂝","𐂞","𐂟","𐂠","𐂡","𐂢","𐂣","𐂤","𐂥","𐂦","𐂧","𐂨","𐂩","𐂪","𐂫","𐂬","𐂭","𐂮","𐂯","𐂰","𐂱","𐂲","𐂳","𐂴","𐂵","𐂶","𐂷","𐂸","𐂹","𐂺","𐂻","𐂼","𐂽","𐂾","𐂿","𐃀","𐃁","𐃂","𐃃","𐃄","𐃅","𐃆","𐃇","𐃈","𐃉","𐃊","𐃋","𐃌","𐃍","𐃎","𐃏","𐃐","𐃑","𐃒","𐃓","𐃔","𐃕","𐃖","𐃗","𐃘","𐃙","𐃚","𐃛","𐃜","𐃝","𐃞","𐃟","𐃠","𐃡","𐃢","𐃣","𐃤","𐃥","𐃦","𐃧","𐃨","𐃩","𐃪","𐃫","𐃬","𐃭","𐃮","𐃯","𐃰","𐃱","𐃲","𐃳","𐃴","𐃵","𐃶","𐃷","𐃸","𐃹","𐃺"],"complete":true,"note":"Linear B syllabary + ideograms (Unicode)","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["el"],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Mycenaean Greek","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"undeciphered","medium":["stone","clay"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"elamite-linear","label":"Linear Elamite","type":"undeciphered","region":"SW Iran","era":"c. 2300–1800 BCE","unicode":{"sample":null,"note":"Research-active · contested decipherment claims","sampleKind":"image-corpus","representation":"image-corpus"},"alphabet":{"kind":"undeciphered","letters":[],"complete":false,"note":"Linear Elamite — partially deciphered claims exist; inventory not fixed here.","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":[],"linkStatus":"undeciphered-no-living","linkNote":"Undeciphered","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"historical","medium":["stone"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"lycian","label":"Lycian","type":"alphabet","region":"Lycia · Anatolia","era":"c. 500–300 BCE","unicode":{"blocks":["Lycian"],"sample":"𐊀𐊁𐊂𐊃","note":"Unicode Lycian","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"alphabet","letters":["𐊀","𐊁","𐊂","𐊃","𐊄","𐊅","𐊆","𐊇","𐊈","𐊉","𐊊","𐊋","𐊌","𐊍","𐊎","𐊏","𐊐","𐊑","𐊒","𐊓","𐊔","𐊕","𐊖","𐊗","𐊘","𐊙","𐊚","𐊛","𐊜"],"complete":true,"note":"Lycian (Unicode)","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":[],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Anatolian historical","accounted":true},{"dir":"rtl","status":"historical","medium":["stone"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"lydian","label":"Lydian","type":"alphabet","region":"Lydia · Anatolia","era":"c. 700–300 BCE","unicode":{"blocks":["Lydian"],"sample":"𐤠𐤡𐤢𐤣","note":"Unicode Lydian","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"alphabet","letters":["𐤠","𐤡","𐤢","𐤣","𐤤","𐤥","𐤦","𐤧","𐤨","𐤩","𐤪","𐤫","𐤬","𐤭","𐤮","𐤯","𐤰","𐤱","𐤲","𐤳","𐤴","𐤵","𐤶","𐤷","𐤸","𐤹"],"complete":true,"note":"Lydian (Unicode)","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":[],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Anatolian historical","accounted":true},{"dir":"ttb","status":"historical","medium":["paper"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"manchu","label":"Manchu","type":"alphabet","region":"Northeast Asia","era":"1599 – historical / scholarship","unicode":{"sample":"ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ","note":"Manchu written with Mongolian script block","blocks":["Mongolian"],"sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"alphabet","letters":["ᠠ","ᠡ","ᠢ","ᠣ","ᠤ","ᠥ","ᠦ","ᠧ","ᠨ","ᠩ","ᠪ","ᠫ","ᠬ","ᠭ","ᠮ","ᠯ","ᠰ","ᠱ","ᠲ","ᠳ","ᠴ","ᠵ","ᠶ","ᠷ","ᠸ","ᠹ","ᠺ","ᠻ","ᠼ","ᠽ","ᠾ","ᠿ","ᡀ","ᡁ","ᡂ","ᡃ","ᡄ","ᡅ","ᡆ","ᡇ","ᡈ","ᡉ","ᡊ","ᡋ","ᡌ","ᡍ","ᡎ","ᡏ","ᡐ","ᡑ","ᡒ","ᡓ","ᡔ","ᡕ","ᡖ","ᡗ","ᡘ","ᡙ","ᡚ","ᡛ","ᡜ","ᡝ","ᡞ","ᡟ","ᡠ","ᡡ","ᡢ","ᡣ","ᡤ","ᡥ","ᡦ","ᡧ","ᡨ","ᡩ","ᡪ","ᡫ","ᡬ","ᡭ","ᡮ","ᡯ","ᡰ","ᡱ","ᡲ","ᡳ","ᡴ","ᡵ","ᡶ","ᡷ","ᡸ"],"complete":false,"note":"Manchu uses Mongolian script block extensions · full orthography is positional","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["mnc","zh"],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Critically endangered / scholarship","accounted":true},{"dir":"rtl","status":"historical","medium":["paper","parchment"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"manichaean","label":"Manichaean script","type":"abjad","region":"Central Asia · Iran","era":"c. 300–1000 CE","unicode":{"blocks":["Manichaean"],"sample":"𐫀𐫁𐫂𐫃","note":"Unicode Manichaean","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"abjad","letters":["𐫀","𐫁","𐫂","𐫃","𐫄","𐫅","𐫆","𐫇","𐫈","𐫉","𐫊","𐫋","𐫌","𐫍","𐫎","𐫏","𐫐","𐫑","𐫒","𐫓","𐫔","𐫕","𐫖","𐫗","𐫘","𐫙","𐫚","𐫛","𐫜","𐫝","𐫞","𐫟","𐫠","𐫡","𐫢","𐫣","𐫤"],"complete":true,"note":"Manichaean letter inventory (Unicode)","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["fa","ug"],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Historical religious script","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"historical","medium":["stone","wood","ceramic","bark paper (amatl)","bone","shell"],"related":["aztec-pictography","epi-olmec","zapotec"],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"maya-hieroglyphs","label":"Maya hieroglyphs","alt":["Maya script","Classic Maya"],"type":"logosyllabic","region":"Mesoamerica · Maya lowlands & highlands","era":"c. 300 BCE – 1600 CE","unicode":{"blocks":["Mayan Numerals U+1D2E0"],"sample":"𝋠 𝋡 𝋢 𝋣 𝋤 𝋥 𝋦 𝋧 𝋨 𝋩 𝋪 𝋫 𝋬 𝋭 𝋮 𝋯 𝋰 𝋱 𝋲 𝋳","note":"Not fully encoded · image/drawing corpora primary","sampleKind":"image-corpus","representation":"image-corpus"},"samples":[{"label":"numerals 0–4 (Unicode)","text":"𝋠𝋡𝋢𝋣𝋤"},{"label":"medium","text":"stelae · lintels · codices · pottery","note":"carving + painted bark paper"}],"concepts":{"one":"𝋡","sun":"(k'in glyph — image/font)","water":"(ha' — image/font)"},"alphabet":{"kind":"inventory","letters":["𝋠","𝋡","𝋢","𝋣","𝋤","𝋥","𝋦","𝋧","𝋨","𝋩","𝋪","𝋫","𝋬","𝋭","𝋮","𝋯","𝋰","𝋱","𝋲","𝋳"],"complete":false,"note":"Maya writing is logosyllabic (~800 signs). Unicode currently encodes Mayan numerals; full glyph set uses scholarly fonts / catalogs (Thompson / Macri).","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["myn","yua"],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Mayan languages cultural successor","accounted":true},{"dir":"rtl","status":"historical","medium":["paper"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"mende-kikakui","label":"Mende Kikakui","type":"syllabary","region":"Sierra Leone","era":"c. 1917 – mid-20th c.","unicode":{"blocks":["Mende Kikakui"],"sample":"𞠀𞠁𞠂𞠃","note":"Unicode Mende Kikakui","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"syllabary","letters":["𞠀","𞠁","𞠂","𞠃","𞠄","𞠅","𞠆","𞠇","𞠈","𞠉","𞠊","𞠋","𞠌","𞠍","𞠎","𞠏","𞠐","𞠑","𞠒","𞠓","𞠔","𞠕","𞠖","𞠗","𞠘","𞠙","𞠚","𞠛","𞠜","𞠝","𞠞","𞠟","𞠠","𞠡","𞠢","𞠣","𞠤","𞠥","𞠦","𞠧","𞠨","𞠩","𞠪","𞠫","𞠬","𞠭","𞠮","𞠯","𞠰","𞠱","𞠲","𞠳","𞠴","𞠵","𞠶","𞠷","𞠸","𞠹","𞠺","𞠻","𞠼","𞠽","𞠾","𞠿","𞡀","𞡁","𞡂","𞡃","𞡄","𞡅","𞡆","𞡇","𞡈","𞡉","𞡊","𞡋","𞡌","𞡍","𞡎","𞡏","𞡐","𞡑","𞡒","𞡓","𞡔","𞡕","𞡖","𞡗","𞡘","𞡙","𞡚","𞡛","𞡜","𞡝","𞡞","𞡟","𞡠","𞡡","𞡢","𞡣","𞡤","𞡥","𞡦","𞡧","𞡨","𞡩","𞡪","𞡫","𞡬","𞡭","𞡮","𞡯","𞡰","𞡱","𞡲","𞡳","𞡴","𞡵","𞡶","𞡷","𞡸","𞡹","𞡺","𞡻","𞡼","𞡽","𞡾","𞡿","𞢀","𞢁","𞢂","𞢃","𞢄","𞢅","𞢆","𞢇","𞢈","𞢉","𞢊","𞢋","𞢌","𞢍","𞢎","𞢏","𞢐","𞢑","𞢒","𞢓","𞢔","𞢕","𞢖","𞢗","𞢘","𞢙","𞢚","𞢛","𞢜","𞢝","𞢞","𞢟","𞢠","𞢡","𞢢","𞢣","𞢤","𞢥","𞢦","𞢧","𞢨","𞢩","𞢪","𞢫","𞢬","𞢭","𞢮","𞢯","𞢰","𞢱","𞢲","𞢳","𞢴","𞢵","𞢶","𞢷","𞢸","𞢹","𞢺","𞢻","𞢼","𞢽","𞢾","𞢿","𞣀","𞣁","𞣂","𞣃","𞣄"],"complete":true,"note":"Mende Kikakui syllables (Unicode)","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["men"],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Mende historical syllabary","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"historical","medium":["stone","pottery"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"meroitic","label":"Meroitic","type":"abugida","region":"Nubia · Kingdom of Kush","era":"c. 300 BCE – 400 CE","unicode":{"blocks":["Meroitic Hieroglyphs","Meroitic Cursive"],"sample":"𐦠𐦡𐦢𐦣","note":"Unicode Meroitic","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"samples":[{"label":"cursive sample","text":"𐦠𐦡𐦢","note":"illustrative order"}],"alphabet":{"kind":"abugida","letters":["𐦀","𐦁","𐦂","𐦃","𐦄","𐦅","𐦆","𐦇","𐦈","𐦉","𐦊","𐦋","𐦌","𐦍","𐦎","𐦏","𐦐","𐦑","𐦒","𐦓","𐦔","𐦕","𐦖","𐦗","𐦘","𐦙","𐦚","𐦛","𐦜","𐦝","𐦞","𐦟","𐦠","𐦡","𐦢","𐦣","𐦤","𐦥","𐦦","𐦧","𐦨","𐦩","𐦪","𐦫","𐦬","𐦭","𐦮","𐦯","𐦰","𐦱","𐦲","𐦳","𐦴","𐦵","𐦶","𐦷"],"complete":true,"note":"Meroitic hieroglyphic + cursive letters","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":[],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Nubian historical","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"historical","medium":["paper","bark","wood"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":true,"id":"mikmaq-hieroglyphs","label":"Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing","type":"pictographic","region":"Mi'kma'ki · Atlantic Canada","era":"historical missionary & indigenous use","unicode":{"sample":null,"note":"Historical catechisms · modern Mi'kmaq Latin · honor community protocols","sampleKind":"image-corpus","representation":"image-corpus"},"alphabet":{"kind":"media","letters":[],"complete":false,"note":"Historical Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic catechisms; modern orthography is Latin. Honor-gate.","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["mic"],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Mi'kmaq historical","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"historical","medium":["deerskin","amatl"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"mixtec","label":"Mixtec codex tradition","type":"pictographic","region":"Oaxaca · Mixteca","era":"Postclassic – colonial","unicode":{"sample":null,"note":"Pictorial codices · scholarly drawings","sampleKind":"image-corpus","representation":"image-corpus"},"alphabet":{"kind":"media","letters":[],"complete":false,"note":"Mixtec pictorial manuscripts — place/person/event pictorial system.","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["mix"],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Mixtec cultural context","accounted":true},{"dir":"ttb","status":"living","medium":["paper","wood blocks","digital"],"related":[],"languages":["mn"],"honorGate":false,"id":"mongolian","label":"Mongolian traditional","type":"alphabet","region":"Mongolia · Inner Asia","era":"c. 1204 – present","unicode":{"blocks":["Mongolian"],"sample":"ᠠ ᠡ ᠢ ᠣ ᠤ ᠥ ᠦ ᠧ ᠨ ᠩ ᠪ ᠫ ᠬ ᠭ ᠮ ᠯ ᠰ ᠱ ᠲ ᠳ ᠴ ᠵ ᠶ ᠷ ᠸ ᠹ ᠺ ᠻ ᠼ ᠽ ᠾ ᠿ ᡀ ᡁ ᡂ","note":"vertical traditional script","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"alphabet","letters":["ᠠ","ᠡ","ᠢ","ᠣ","ᠤ","ᠥ","ᠦ","ᠧ","ᠨ","ᠩ","ᠪ","ᠫ","ᠬ","ᠭ","ᠮ","ᠯ","ᠰ","ᠱ","ᠲ","ᠳ","ᠴ","ᠵ","ᠶ","ᠷ","ᠸ","ᠹ","ᠺ","ᠻ","ᠼ","ᠽ","ᠾ","ᠿ","ᡀ","ᡁ","ᡂ"],"complete":true,"note":"Mongolian basic letters (traditional vertical script)","case":"unicase","labels":null},"linkStatus":"living-iso-linked","livingLangs":["mn"],"relatedModern":["mn"]},{"dir":"rtl","status":"living","medium":["paper","digital"],"related":[],"languages":["nqo"],"honorGate":false,"id":"nko","label":"N'Ko","type":"alphabet","region":"West Africa · Manding","era":"1949 – present","unicode":{"blocks":["NKo"],"sample":"߀ ߁ ߂ ߃ ߄ ߅ ߆ ߇ ߈ ߉ ߊ ߋ ߌ ߍ ߎ ߏ ߐ ߑ ߒ ߓ ߔ ߕ ߖ ߗ ߘ ߙ ߚ ߛ ߜ ߝ ߞ ߟ ߠ ߡ ߢ ߣ ߤ ߥ ߦ ߧ ߨ ߩ ߪ","note":"N'Ko digits+letters core","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"alphabet","letters":["߀","߁","߂","߃","߄","߅","߆","߇","߈","߉","ߊ","ߋ","ߌ","ߍ","ߎ","ߏ","ߐ","ߑ","ߒ","ߓ","ߔ","ߕ","ߖ","ߗ","ߘ","ߙ","ߚ","ߛ","ߜ","ߝ","ߞ","ߟ","ߠ","ߡ","ߢ","ߣ","ߤ","ߥ","ߦ","ߧ","ߨ","ߩ","ߪ"],"complete":true,"note":"N'Ko digits+letters core","case":"unicase","labels":null},"linkStatus":"living-iso-linked","livingLangs":["nqo"],"relatedModern":["nqo"]},{"dir":"ltr","status":"ceremonial","medium":["paper","wood"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"naxi-dongba","label":"Naxi Dongba pictographs","type":"pictographic","region":"Yunnan · Naxi","era":"living ceremonial / historical","unicode":{"sample":null,"note":"Manuscript tradition · not fully standardized Unicode","sampleKind":"image-corpus","representation":"image-corpus"},"samples":[{"label":"type","text":"pictographic ritual books","note":"often used with Geba syllabary"}],"alphabet":{"kind":"media","letters":[],"complete":false,"note":"Dongba pictographs — large ritual inventory; not fully Unicode-standardized as alphabet.","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["nxq"],"linkStatus":"ceremonial-no-ISO-primary","linkNote":"Ceremonial living use","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"ceremonial","medium":["skin","wood","cloth","wall","calabash"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"nsibidi","label":"Nsibidi","type":"semasiographic","region":"Cross River · SE Nigeria · Cameroon","era":"centuries – present ceremonial","unicode":{"sample":null,"note":"Ideographic/ceremonial · not full public orthography","sampleKind":"image-symbol-set","representation":"image-symbol-set"},"alphabet":{"kind":"media","letters":[],"complete":false,"note":"Nsibidi ideographic/secret signs — not a public full alphabet dump.","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["efi","ibo"],"linkStatus":"ceremonial-no-ISO-primary","linkNote":"Ceremonial / cultural","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"revived","medium":["paper","cloth","fans"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"nushu","label":"Nüshu","type":"syllabary","region":"Jiangyong · Hunan, China","era":"historical women's script – revived study","unicode":{"blocks":["Nushu"],"sample":" surviving𛆁𛆂𛆃","note":"Unicode Nushu block · revived study","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"syllabary","letters":["𛅰","𛅱","𛅲","𛅳","𛅴","𛅵","𛅶","𛅷","𛅸","𛅹","𛅺","𛅻","𛅼","𛅽","𛅾","𛅿","𛆀","𛆁","𛆂","𛆃","𛆄","𛆅","𛆆","𛆇","𛆈","𛆉","𛆊","𛆋","𛆌","𛆍","𛆎","𛆏","𛆐","𛆑","𛆒","𛆓","𛆔","𛆕","𛆖","𛆗","𛆘","𛆙","𛆚","𛆛","𛆜","𛆝","𛆞","𛆟","𛆠","𛆡","𛆢","𛆣","𛆤","𛆥","𛆦","𛆧","𛆨","𛆩","𛆪","𛆫","𛆬","𛆭","𛆮","𛆯","𛆰","𛆱","𛆲","𛆳","𛆴","𛆵","𛆶","𛆷","𛆸","𛆹","𛆺","𛆻","𛆼","𛆽","𛆾","𛆿","𛇀","𛇁","𛇂","𛇃","𛇄","𛇅","𛇆","𛇇","𛇈","𛇉","𛇊","𛇋","𛇌","𛇍","𛇎","𛇏","𛇐","𛇑","𛇒","𛇓","𛇔","𛇕","𛇖","𛇗","𛇘","𛇙","𛇚","𛇛","𛇜","𛇝","𛇞","𛇟","𛇠","𛇡","𛇢","𛇣","𛇤","𛇥","𛇦","𛇧","𛇨","𛇩","𛇪","𛇫","𛇬","𛇭","𛇮","𛇯","𛇰","𛇱","𛇲","𛇳","𛇴","𛇵","𛇶","𛇷","𛇸","𛇹","𛇺","𛇻","𛇼","𛇽","𛇾","𛇿","𛈀","𛈁","𛈂","𛈃","𛈄","𛈅","𛈆","𛈇","𛈈","𛈉","𛈊","𛈋","𛈌","𛈍","𛈎","𛈏","𛈐","𛈑","𛈒","𛈓","𛈔","𛈕","𛈖","𛈗","𛈘","𛈙","𛈚","𛈛","𛈜","𛈝","𛈞","𛈟","𛈠","𛈡","𛈢","𛈣","𛈤","𛈥","𛈦","𛈧","𛈨","𛈩","𛈪","𛈫","𛈬","𛈭","𛈮","𛈯","𛈰","𛈱","𛈲","𛈳","𛈴","𛈵","𛈶","𛈷","𛈸","𛈹","𛈺","𛈻","𛈼","𛈽","𛈾","𛈿","𛉀","𛉁","𛉂","𛉃","𛉄","𛉅","𛉆","𛉇","𛉈","𛉉","𛉊","𛉋","𛉌","𛉍","𛉎","𛉏","𛉐","𛉑","𛉒","𛉓","𛉔","𛉕","𛉖","𛉗","𛉘","𛉙","𛉚","𛉛","𛉜","𛉝","𛉞","𛉟","𛉠","𛉡","𛉢","𛉣","𛉤","𛉥","𛉦","𛉧","𛉨","𛉩","𛉪","𛉫","𛉬","𛉭","𛉮","𛉯","𛉰","𛉱","𛉲","𛉳","𛉴","𛉵","𛉶","𛉷","𛉸","𛉹","𛉺","𛉻","𛉼","𛉽","𛉾","𛉿","𛊀","𛊁","𛊂","𛊃","𛊄","𛊅","𛊆","𛊇","𛊈","𛊉","𛊊","𛊋","𛊌","𛊍","𛊎","𛊏","𛊐","𛊑","𛊒","𛊓","𛊔","𛊕","𛊖","𛊗","𛊘","𛊙","𛊚","𛊛","𛊜","𛊝","𛊞","𛊟","𛊠","𛊡","𛊢","𛊣","𛊤","𛊥","𛊦","𛊧","𛊨","𛊩","𛊪","𛊫","𛊬","𛊭","𛊮","𛊯","𛊰","𛊱","𛊲","𛊳","𛊴","𛊵","𛊶","𛊷","𛊸","𛊹","𛊺","𛊻","𛊼","𛊽","𛊾","𛊿","𛋀","𛋁","𛋂","𛋃","𛋄","𛋅","𛋆","𛋇","𛋈","𛋉","𛋊","𛋋","𛋌","𛋍","𛋎","𛋏","𛋐","𛋑","𛋒","𛋓","𛋔","𛋕","𛋖","𛋗","𛋘","𛋙","𛋚","𛋛","𛋜","𛋝","𛋞","𛋟","𛋠","𛋡","𛋢","𛋣","𛋤","𛋥","𛋦","𛋧","𛋨","𛋩","𛋪","𛋫","𛋬","𛋭","𛋮","𛋯","𛋰","𛋱","𛋲","𛋳","𛋴","𛋵","𛋶","𛋷","𛋸","𛋹","𛋺","𛋻"],"complete":false,"note":"Nüshu characters (Unicode block)","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["zh"],"linkStatus":"revived-no-primary-living","linkNote":"Revived study · not community orthography","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"historical","medium":["stone","wood"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"ogham","label":"Ogham","type":"alphabet","region":"Ireland · western Britain","era":"c. 300–700 CE","unicode":{"blocks":["Ogham"],"sample":"ᚁᚂᚃᚄᚅ","note":"Unicode Ogham","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"samples":[{"label":"B L F S N","text":"ᚁᚂᚃᚄᚅ"}],"alphabet":{"kind":"alphabet","letters":["ᚁ","ᚂ","ᚃ","ᚄ","ᚅ","ᚆ","ᚇ","ᚈ","ᚉ","ᚊ","ᚋ","ᚌ","ᚍ","ᚎ","ᚏ","ᚐ","ᚑ","ᚒ","ᚓ","ᚔ"],"complete":true,"note":"20 primary ogham letters (Beith–Idad)","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["ga","gd","cy"],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Primitive Irish","accounted":true},{"dir":"rtl","status":"revived","medium":["wood","stone","paper"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"old-hungarian","label":"Old Hungarian (rovás)","type":"alphabet","region":"Carpathian Basin","era":"medieval – revived interest","unicode":{"blocks":["Old Hungarian"],"sample":"𐲀𐲁𐲂𐲃𐲄","note":"Unicode Old Hungarian · revived interest","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"alphabet","letters":["𐲀","𐲁","𐲂","𐲃","𐲄","𐲅","𐲆","𐲇","𐲈","𐲉","𐲊","𐲋","𐲌","𐲍","𐲎","𐲏","𐲐","𐲑","𐲒","𐲓","𐲔","𐲕","𐲖","𐲗","𐲘","𐲙","𐲚","𐲛","𐲜","𐲝","𐲞","𐲟","𐲠","𐲡","𐲢","𐲣","𐲤","𐲥","𐲦","𐲧","𐲨","𐲩","𐲪","𐲫","𐲬","𐲭","𐲮","𐲯","𐲰","𐲱","𐲲","𐳀","𐳁","𐳂","𐳃","𐳄","𐳅","𐳆","𐳇","𐳈","𐳉","𐳊","𐳋","𐳌","𐳍","𐳎","𐳏","𐳐","𐳑","𐳒","𐳓","𐳔","𐳕","𐳖","𐳗","𐳘","𐳙","𐳚","𐳛","𐳜","𐳝","𐳞","𐳟","𐳠","𐳡","𐳢","𐳣","𐳤","𐳥","𐳦","𐳧","𐳨","𐳩","𐳪","𐳫","𐳬","𐳭","𐳮","𐳯","𐳰","𐳱","𐳲"],"complete":true,"note":"Old Hungarian upper + lower (Unicode)","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["hu"],"linkStatus":"revived-no-primary-living","linkNote":"Revived interest","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"historical","medium":["stone"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"north-arabian","label":"Old North Arabian","type":"abjad","region":"North Arabia · deserts","era":"c. 800 BCE – 400 CE","unicode":{"blocks":["Old North Arabian"],"sample":"𐪀𐪁𐪂𐪃","note":"Unicode Old North Arabian","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"abjad","letters":["𐪀","𐪁","𐪂","𐪃","𐪄","𐪅","𐪆","𐪇","𐪈","𐪉","𐪊","𐪋","𐪌","𐪍","𐪎","𐪏","𐪐","𐪑","𐪒","𐪓","𐪔","𐪕","𐪖","𐪗","𐪘","𐪙","𐪚","𐪛","𐪜","𐪝","𐪞","𐪟"],"complete":true,"note":"Old North Arabian (Unicode)","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["ar"],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Ancient North Arabian","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"historical","medium":["stone","clay","metal"],"related":["cuneiform-sumero-akkadian"],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"old-persian-cuneiform","label":"Old Persian cuneiform","type":"alphabet","region":"Achaemenid Iran","era":"c. 520–330 BCE","unicode":{"blocks":["Old Persian"],"sample":"𐎠𐎡𐎢𐎣","note":"Unicode Old Persian","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"samples":[{"label":"a i u","text":"𐎠𐎡𐎢"}],"alphabet":{"kind":"alphabet","letters":["𐎠","𐎡","𐎢","𐎣","𐎤","𐎥","𐎦","𐎧","𐎨","𐎩","𐎪","𐎫","𐎬","𐎭","𐎮","𐎯","𐎰","𐎱","𐎲","𐎳","𐎴","𐎵","𐎶","𐎷","𐎸","𐎹","𐎺","𐎻","𐎼","𐎽","𐎾","𐎿","𐏀","𐏁","𐏂","𐏃"],"complete":true,"note":"Old Persian cuneiform signs (Unicode)","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["fa"],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Achaemenid Persian","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"historical","medium":["stone","metal","wood"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"south-arabian","label":"Old South Arabian (Musnad)","type":"abjad","region":"Yemen · Arabia Felix","era":"c. 1000 BCE – 600 CE","unicode":{"blocks":["Old South Arabian"],"sample":"𐩠𐩡𐩢𐩣","note":"Unicode Old South Arabian","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"abjad","letters":["𐩠","𐩡","𐩢","𐩣","𐩤","𐩥","𐩦","𐩧","𐩨","𐩩","𐩪","𐩫","𐩬","𐩭","𐩮","𐩯","𐩰","𐩱","𐩲","𐩳","𐩴","𐩵","𐩶","𐩷","𐩸","𐩹","𐩺","𐩻","𐩼"],"complete":true,"note":"Old South Arabian (Unicode)","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["ar","am"],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Old South Arabian","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"historical","medium":["stone","wood"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"old-turkic","label":"Old Turkic (Orkhon)","type":"alphabet","region":"Mongolia · Central Asia","era":"c. 700–1000 CE","unicode":{"blocks":["Old Turkic"],"sample":"𐰀𐰁𐰂𐰃","note":"Unicode Old Turkic (Orkhon)","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"alphabet","letters":["𐰀","𐰁","𐰂","𐰃","𐰄","𐰅","𐰆","𐰇","𐰈","𐰉","𐰊","𐰋","𐰌","𐰍","𐰎","𐰏","𐰐","𐰑","𐰒","𐰓","𐰔","𐰕","𐰖","𐰗","𐰘","𐰙","𐰚","𐰛","𐰜","𐰝","𐰞","𐰟","𐰠","𐰡","𐰢","𐰣","𐰤","𐰥","𐰦","𐰧","𐰨","𐰩","𐰪","𐰫","𐰬","𐰭","𐰮","𐰯","𐰰","𐰱","𐰲","𐰳","𐰴","𐰵","𐰶","𐰷","𐰸","𐰹","𐰺","𐰻","𐰼","𐰽","𐰾","𐰿","𐱀","𐱁","𐱂","𐱃","𐱄","𐱅","𐱆","𐱇","𐱈"],"complete":true,"note":"Old Turkic (Orkhon/Yenisei) Unicode block","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["tr","kk","ky","ug","tk"],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Orkhon · Turkic ancestor","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"historical","medium":["bone","turtle shell","stone"],"related":["han-chinese"],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"oracle-bone","label":"Oracle bone script (Jiǎgǔwén)","type":"logographic","region":"Shang China","era":"c. 1200–1050 BCE","unicode":{"sample":"甲金文示例：日月亮","note":"Oracle bone forms not distinct block; modern Han as descendant proxy","blocks":["CJK Unified Ideographs"],"sampleKind":"descendant-proxy","proxyOf":"han"},"samples":[{"label":"medium","text":"pyro-scapulimancy · carved then heated","note":"divination archive"}],"alphabet":{"kind":"inventory","letters":[],"complete":false,"note":"Oracle bone / bronze forms are paleographic stages of Han — use epigraphic fonts & corpora (not a closed alphabet).","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["zh"],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Early Chinese","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"living","medium":["paper","digital"],"related":[],"languages":["osa"],"honorGate":true,"id":"osage","label":"Osage","type":"alphabet","region":"Osage Nation","era":"2006 reformed orthography – present","unicode":{"blocks":["Osage"],"sample":"𐒰 𐒱 𐒲 𐒳 𐒴 𐒵 𐒶 𐒷 𐒸 𐒹 𐒺 𐒻 𐒼 𐒽 𐒾 𐒿 𐓀 𐓁 𐓂 𐓃 𐓄 𐓅 𐓆 𐓇 𐓈 𐓉 𐓊 𐓋 𐓌 𐓍 𐓎 𐓏 𐓐 𐓑 𐓒 𐓓 𐓘 𐓙 𐓚 𐓛 𐓜 𐓝 𐓞 𐓟 𐓠 𐓡 𐓢 𐓣 𐓤 𐓥 𐓦 𐓧 𐓨 𐓩 𐓪 𐓫 𐓬 𐓭 𐓮 𐓯 𐓰 𐓱 𐓲 𐓳 𐓴 𐓵 𐓶 𐓷 𐓸 𐓹 𐓺 𐓻","note":"Osage upper + lower","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"alphabet","letters":["𐒰","𐒱","𐒲","𐒳","𐒴","𐒵","𐒶","𐒷","𐒸","𐒹","𐒺","𐒻","𐒼","𐒽","𐒾","𐒿","𐓀","𐓁","𐓂","𐓃","𐓄","𐓅","𐓆","𐓇","𐓈","𐓉","𐓊","𐓋","𐓌","𐓍","𐓎","𐓏","𐓐","𐓑","𐓒","𐓓","𐓘","𐓙","𐓚","𐓛","𐓜","𐓝","𐓞","𐓟","𐓠","𐓡","𐓢","𐓣","𐓤","𐓥","𐓦","𐓧","𐓨","𐓩","𐓪","𐓫","𐓬","𐓭","𐓮","𐓯","𐓰","𐓱","𐓲","𐓳","𐓴","𐓵","𐓶","𐓷","𐓸","𐓹","𐓺","𐓻"],"complete":true,"note":"Osage upper + lower","case":"unicase","labels":null},"linkStatus":"living-iso-linked","livingLangs":["osa"],"relatedModern":["osa"]},{"dir":"ltr","status":"living","medium":["paper","digital"],"related":[],"languages":["so"],"honorGate":false,"id":"osmanya","label":"Osmanya","type":"alphabet","region":"Somalia","era":"1920s – present (alongside Latin/Arabic)","unicode":{"blocks":["Osmanya"],"sample":"𐒀 𐒁 𐒂 𐒃 𐒄 𐒅 𐒆 𐒇 𐒈 𐒉 𐒊 𐒋 𐒌 𐒍 𐒎 𐒏 𐒐 𐒑 𐒒 𐒓 𐒔 𐒕 𐒖 𐒗 𐒘 𐒙 𐒚 𐒛 𐒜 𐒝","note":"Osmanya letters","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"alphabet","letters":["𐒀","𐒁","𐒂","𐒃","𐒄","𐒅","𐒆","𐒇","𐒈","𐒉","𐒊","𐒋","𐒌","𐒍","𐒎","𐒏","𐒐","𐒑","𐒒","𐒓","𐒔","𐒕","𐒖","𐒗","𐒘","𐒙","𐒚","𐒛","𐒜","𐒝"],"complete":true,"note":"Osmanya letters","case":"unicase","labels":null},"linkStatus":"living-iso-linked","livingLangs":["so"],"relatedModern":["so"]},{"dir":"ltr","status":"historical","medium":["stone"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"petroglyphs","label":"Petroglyphs / rock art","type":"semasiographic","region":"global","era":"Upper Paleolithic – recent","unicode":{"sample":null,"note":"Site-specific rock art · often non-linguistic","sampleKind":"image-site","representation":"image-site"},"alphabet":{"kind":"media","letters":[],"complete":false,"note":"Rock art traditions — not a single shared alphabet.","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":[],"linkStatus":"semasiographic-no-ISO","linkNote":"Global rock art · not writing system per se","accounted":true},{"dir":"ttb","status":"historical","medium":["paper","stone","metal","seals"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"phagspa","label":"Phags-pa","type":"abugida","region":"Yuan empire","era":"1269 – 14th c.","unicode":{"blocks":["Phags-pa"],"sample":"ꡀꡁꡂꡃ","note":"Unicode Phags-pa","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"abugida","letters":["ꡀ","ꡁ","ꡂ","ꡃ","ꡄ","ꡅ","ꡆ","ꡇ","ꡈ","ꡉ","ꡊ","ꡋ","ꡌ","ꡍ","ꡎ","ꡏ","ꡐ","ꡑ","ꡒ","ꡓ","ꡔ","ꡕ","ꡖ","ꡗ","ꡘ","ꡙ","ꡚ","ꡛ","ꡜ","ꡝ","ꡞ","ꡟ","ꡠ","ꡡ","ꡢ","ꡣ","ꡤ","ꡥ","ꡦ","ꡧ","ꡨ","ꡩ","ꡪ","ꡫ","ꡬ","ꡭ","ꡮ","ꡯ","ꡰ","ꡱ","ꡲ","ꡳ","꡴","꡵","꡶","꡷"],"complete":true,"note":"Phags-pa letters","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["zh","mn","bo"],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Yuan dynasty script","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"undeciphered","medium":["clay"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"phaistos","label":"Phaistos disc signs","type":"undeciphered","region":"Crete","era":"2nd millennium BCE (unique object)","unicode":{"sample":null,"note":"Unique stamped clay disc","sampleKind":"image-artifact","representation":"image-artifact"},"alphabet":{"kind":"undeciphered","letters":[],"complete":false,"note":"Phaistos Disc — unique closed set of stamped signs; not a general alphabet.","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":[],"linkStatus":"undeciphered-no-living","linkNote":"Unique undeciphered object","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"historical","medium":["stone","metal","pottery","papyrus"],"related":["hebrew","aramaic","greek","arabic"],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"phoenician","label":"Phoenician","type":"abjad","region":"Levant · Mediterranean colonies","era":"c. 1050–150 BCE","unicode":{"blocks":["Phoenician"],"sample":"𐤀𐤁𐤂𐤃𐤄","note":"Unicode Phoenician","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"samples":[{"label":"aleph–zayin","text":"𐤀𐤁𐤂𐤃𐤄𐤅𐤆"}],"concepts":{"one":"𐤀"},"alphabet":{"kind":"abjad","letters":["𐤀","𐤁","𐤂","𐤃","𐤄","𐤅","𐤆","𐤇","𐤈","𐤉","𐤊","𐤋","𐤌","𐤍","𐤎","𐤏","𐤐","𐤑","𐤒","𐤓","𐤔","𐤕"],"complete":true,"note":"22-letter Phoenician alphabet (Unicode)","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["ar","he","el","la"],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Abjad ancestor","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"undeciphered","medium":["clay"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"proto-elamite","label":"Proto-Elamite","type":"undeciphered","region":"Iran","era":"c. 3100–2900 BCE","unicode":{"sample":null,"note":"Early clay accounting tablets","sampleKind":"image-corpus","representation":"image-corpus"},"alphabet":{"kind":"undeciphered","letters":[],"complete":false,"note":"Proto-Elamite — undeciphered.","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":[],"linkStatus":"undeciphered-no-living","linkNote":"Undeciphered","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"reconstructed","medium":["stone","pottery"],"related":["phoenician","egyptian-hieroglyphs"],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"proto-sinaitic","label":"Proto-Sinaitic / early alphabet","type":"abjad","region":"Sinai · Levant","era":"c. 1800–1500 BCE","unicode":{"sample":"𐤀𐤁𐤂𐤃𐤄","note":"Proto-Sinaitic not complete Unicode; Phoenician descendant as readable proxy","blocks":["Phoenician"],"sampleKind":"descendant-proxy","proxyOf":"phoenician"},"samples":[{"label":"account","text":"(ox-head → ʾalp lineage)","note":"traditional alphabet origin story"}],"alphabet":{"kind":"undeciphered","letters":[],"complete":false,"note":"Early alphabet ancestor — incomplete inventory; reconstructions vary.","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["ar","he"],"linkStatus":"reconstructed-no-living","linkNote":"Reconstructed early abjad","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"historical","medium":["stone","metal","pottery"],"related":["phoenician"],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"phoenician-punic","label":"Punic (late Phoenician)","type":"abjad","region":"Carthage · W Mediterranean","era":"c. 800–100 BCE","unicode":{"sample":"𐤀𐤁𐤂𐤃","note":"Punic uses Phoenician Unicode block","blocks":["Phoenician"],"sampleKind":"related-script-proxy","proxyOf":"phoenician"},"alphabet":{"kind":"abjad","letters":["𐤀","𐤁","𐤂","𐤃","𐤄","𐤅","𐤆","𐤇","𐤈","𐤉","𐤊","𐤋","𐤌","𐤍","𐤎","𐤏","𐤐","𐤑","𐤒","𐤓","𐤔","𐤕"],"complete":true,"note":"Punic uses Phoenician letter inventory","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["ar","mt"],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Punic historical","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"undeciphered","medium":["wood","tablets"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"rongorongo","label":"Rongorongo","type":"undeciphered","region":"Rapa Nui (Easter Island)","era":"pre-1860s corpus","unicode":{"blocks":["Rongorongo (proposal / private fonts)"],"sample":null,"note":"Wood tablets · Barthel codes in research · not stable Unicode","sampleKind":"private-font-or-image","representation":"private-font-or-image"},"samples":[{"label":"medium","text":"carved wooden boards · shark-tooth tools","note":"Pacific wood carving record system"}],"alphabet":{"kind":"undeciphered","letters":[],"complete":false,"note":"Rongorongo sign lists exist in scholarship; not a stable public Unicode alphabet.","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["rap"],"linkStatus":"undeciphered-no-living","linkNote":"Rapa Nui corpus undeciphered","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"historical","medium":["stone","wood","bone","metal","antler"],"related":["latin","gothic"],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"runic","label":"Runic (Futhark)","alt":["Elder Futhark","Younger Futhark","Anglo-Saxon Futhorc"],"type":"alphabet","region":"Northern Europe · Germanic","era":"c. 150–1500 CE","unicode":{"blocks":["Runic"],"sample":"ᚠᚢᚦᚨᚱ","note":"Unicode Runic","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"samples":[{"label":"f u þ a r k","text":"ᚠᚢᚦᚨᚱᚲ"},{"label":"medium note","text":"carved · vertical strokes favor wood grain","note":"ductus adapted to carving"}],"alphabet":{"kind":"alphabet","letters":["ᚠ","ᚢ","ᚦ","ᚨ","ᚱ","ᚲ","ᚷ","ᚹ","ᚺ","ᚾ","ᛁ","ᛃ","ᛇ","ᛈ","ᛉ","ᛊ","ᛏ","ᛒ","ᛖ","ᛗ","ᛚ","ᛜ","ᛞ","ᛟ"],"complete":true,"note":"Elder Futhark 24 · other futharks differ","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["en","de","sv","no","da","is"],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Germanic historical","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"living","medium":["print","digital"],"related":[],"languages":["en"],"honorGate":false,"id":"shavian","label":"Shavian","type":"alphabet","region":"constructed English orthography","era":"1960s – niche use","unicode":{"blocks":["Shavian"],"sample":"𐑐 𐑑 𐑒 𐑓 𐑔 𐑕 𐑖 𐑗 𐑘 𐑙 𐑚 𐑛 𐑜 𐑝 𐑞 𐑟 𐑠 𐑡 𐑢 𐑣 𐑤 𐑥 𐑦 𐑧 𐑨 𐑩 𐑪 𐑫 𐑬 𐑭 𐑮 𐑯 𐑰 𐑱 𐑲 𐑳 𐑴 𐑵 𐑶 𐑷 𐑸 𐑹 𐑺 𐑻 𐑼 𐑽 𐑾 𐑿","note":"Shavian alphabet","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"alphabet","letters":["𐑐","𐑑","𐑒","𐑓","𐑔","𐑕","𐑖","𐑗","𐑘","𐑙","𐑚","𐑛","𐑜","𐑝","𐑞","𐑟","𐑠","𐑡","𐑢","𐑣","𐑤","𐑥","𐑦","𐑧","𐑨","𐑩","𐑪","𐑫","𐑬","𐑭","𐑮","𐑯","𐑰","𐑱","𐑲","𐑳","𐑴","𐑵","𐑶","𐑷","𐑸","𐑹","𐑺","𐑻","𐑼","𐑽","𐑾","𐑿"],"complete":true,"note":"Shavian alphabet","case":"unicase","labels":null},"linkStatus":"living-iso-linked","livingLangs":["en"],"relatedModern":["en"]},{"dir":"rtl","status":"historical","medium":["paper","leather","wood"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"sogdian","label":"Sogdian","type":"abjad","region":"Central Asia Silk Road","era":"c. 100–1000 CE","unicode":{"blocks":["Sogdian"],"sample":"𐼰𐼱𐼲𐼳","note":"Unicode Sogdian","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"abjad","letters":["𐼰","𐼱","𐼲","𐼳","𐼴","𐼵","𐼶","𐼷","𐼸","𐼹","𐼺","𐼻","𐼼","𐼽","𐼾","𐼿","𐽀","𐽁","𐽂","𐽃","𐽄","𐽅"],"complete":true,"note":"Sogdian letters (Unicode block)","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["tg","fa","ug"],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Central Asian historical","accounted":true},{"dir":"rtl","status":"living","medium":["parchment","paper","stone"],"related":[],"languages":["syr","arc","aii","cld"],"honorGate":false,"id":"syriac","label":"Syriac","type":"abjad","region":"Mesopotamia · Levant · diaspora","era":"c. 100 CE – present","unicode":{"blocks":["Syriac"],"sample":"ܐ ܒ ܓ ܕ ܗ ܘ ܙ ܚ ܛ ܝ ܟ ܠ ܡ ܢ ܣ ܥ ܦ ܨ ܩ ܪ ܫ ܬ","note":"Estrangela / Serto / Madnhaya styles","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"abjad","letters":["ܐ","ܒ","ܓ","ܕ","ܗ","ܘ","ܙ","ܚ","ܛ","ܝ","ܟ","ܠ","ܡ","ܢ","ܣ","ܥ","ܦ","ܨ","ܩ","ܪ","ܫ","ܬ"],"complete":true,"note":"22 Syriac letters (Estrangela order)","case":"unicase","labels":null},"linkStatus":"living-iso-linked","livingLangs":["syr","arc","aii","cld"],"relatedModern":["syr","arc","aii","cld"]},{"dir":"ltr","status":"living","medium":["wood","bone","stone","paper"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"quipu-analog-tally","label":"Tally marks & notched sticks","type":"tally","region":"global","era":"prehistory – present","unicode":{"sample":"|||| 卌","note":"Tally systems worldwide","sampleKind":"diagram","representation":"diagram","visualHint":"||||-||||"},"samples":[{"label":"note","text":"notches · calendar sticks · message sticks (Australia — community protocols)","note":"tally ≠ full language encoding"}],"alphabet":{"kind":"media","letters":[],"complete":false,"note":"Tally marks / stick tallies — not a phonetic alphabet.","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":[],"linkStatus":"living-semasiographic","linkNote":"Tally systems · not phonetic","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"living","medium":["palm leaf","stone","paper","digital"],"related":[],"languages":["ta"],"honorGate":false,"id":"tamil","label":"Tamil","type":"abugida","region":"South India · Sri Lanka · diaspora","era":"c. 300 BCE roots – present","unicode":{"blocks":["Tamil"],"sample":"அ ஆ இ ஈ உ ஊ எ ஏ ஐ ஒ ஓ ஔ க ங ச ஞ ட ண த ந ப ம ய ர ல வ ழ ள ற ன ஜ ஶ ஷ ஸ ஹ","note":"Tamil uyir + mey inventory (Unicode Tamil)","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"abugida","letters":["அ","ஆ","இ","ஈ","உ","ஊ","எ","ஏ","ஐ","ஒ","ஓ","ஔ","க","ங","ச","ஞ","ட","ண","த","ந","ப","ம","ய","ர","ல","வ","ழ","ள","ற","ன","ஜ","ஶ","ஷ","ஸ","ஹ"],"complete":true,"note":"Tamil uyir + mey inventory (Unicode Tamil)","case":"unicase","labels":null},"linkStatus":"living-iso-linked","livingLangs":["ta"],"relatedModern":["ta"]},{"dir":"ltr","status":"historical","medium":["paper","wood blocks","stone"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"tangut","label":"Tangut (Xixia)","type":"logographic","region":"Western Xia · NW China","era":"c. 1036–1500 CE","unicode":{"blocks":["Tangut"],"sample":"𗀀𗀁𗀂𗀄","note":"Unicode Tangut","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"inventory","letters":["𗀀","𗀁","𗀂","𗀃","𗀄","𗀅","𗀆","𗀇","𗀈","𗀉","𗀊","𗀋","𗀌","𗀍","𗀎","𗀏","𗀐","𗀑","𗀒","𗀓","𗀔","𗀕","𗀖","𗀗","𗀘","𗀙","𗀚","𗀛","𗀜","𗀝","𗀞","𗀟","𗀠","𗀡","𗀢","𗀣","𗀤","𗀥","𗀦","𗀧","𗀨","𗀩","𗀪","𗀫","𗀬","𗀭","𗀮","𗀯","𗀰","𗀱","𗀲","𗀳","𗀴","𗀵","𗀶","𗀷","𗀸","𗀹","𗀺","𗀻","𗀼","𗀽","𗀾","𗀿","𗁀","𗁁","𗁂","𗁃","𗁄","𗁅","𗁆","𗁇","𗁈","𗁉","𗁊","𗁋","𗁌","𗁍","𗁎","𗁏","𗁐","𗁑","𗁒","𗁓","𗁔","𗁕","𗁖","𗁗","𗁘","𗁙","𗁚","𗁛","𗁜","𗁝","𗁞","𗁟","𗁠","𗁡","𗁢","𗁣","𗁤","𗁥","𗁦","𗁧","𗁨","𗁩","𗁪","𗁫","𗁬","𗁭","𗁮","𗁯","𗁰","𗁱","𗁲","𗁳","𗁴","𗁵","𗁶","𗁷","𗁸","𗁹","𗁺","𗁻","𗁼","𗁽","𗁾","𗁿","𗂀","𗂁","𗂂","𗂃","𗂄","𗂅","𗂆","𗂇","𗂈","𗂉","𗂊","𗂋","𗂌","𗂍","𗂎","𗂏","𗂐","𗂑","𗂒","𗂓","𗂔","𗂕","𗂖","𗂗","𗂘","𗂙","𗂚","𗂛","𗂜","𗂝","𗂞","𗂟","𗂠","𗂡","𗂢","𗂣","𗂤","𗂥","𗂦","𗂧","𗂨","𗂩","𗂪","𗂫","𗂬","𗂭","𗂮","𗂯","𗂰","𗂱","𗂲","𗂳","𗂴","𗂵","𗂶","𗂷","𗂸","𗂹","𗂺","𗂻","𗂼","𗂽","𗂾","𗂿","𗃀","𗃁","𗃂","𗃃","𗃄","𗃅","𗃆","𗃇","𗃈","𗃉","𗃊","𗃋","𗃌","𗃍","𗃎","𗃏","𗃐","𗃑","𗃒","𗃓","𗃔","𗃕","𗃖","𗃗","𗃘","𗃙","𗃚","𗃛","𗃜","𗃝","𗃞","𗃟","𗃠","𗃡","𗃢","𗃣","𗃤","𗃥","𗃦","𗃧","𗃨","𗃩","𗃪","𗃫","𗃬","𗃭","𗃮","𗃯","𗃰","𗃱","𗃲","𗃳","𗃴","𗃵","𗃶","𗃷","𗃸","𗃹","𗃺","𗃻","𗃼","𗃽","𗃾","𗃿"],"complete":false,"note":"Tangut logographs — thousands of characters. Showing block head sample.","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["zh"],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Xixia historical","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"living","medium":["paper","palm leaf","digital"],"related":[],"languages":["th"],"honorGate":false,"id":"thai","label":"Thai","type":"abugida","region":"Thailand","era":"c. 1283 CE – present","unicode":{"blocks":["Thai"],"sample":"ก ข ฃ ค ฅ ฆ ง จ ฉ ช ซ ฌ ญ ฎ ฏ ฐ ฑ ฒ ณ ด ต ถ ท ธ น บ ป ผ ฝ พ ฟ ภ ม ย ร ล ว ศ ษ ส ห ฬ อ ฮ","note":"44 Thai consonants (traditional order)","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"abugida","letters":["ก","ข","ฃ","ค","ฅ","ฆ","ง","จ","ฉ","ช","ซ","ฌ","ญ","ฎ","ฏ","ฐ","ฑ","ฒ","ณ","ด","ต","ถ","ท","ธ","น","บ","ป","ผ","ฝ","พ","ฟ","ภ","ม","ย","ร","ล","ว","ศ","ษ","ส","ห","ฬ","อ","ฮ"],"complete":true,"note":"44 Thai consonants (traditional order)","case":"unicase","labels":null},"linkStatus":"living-iso-linked","livingLangs":["th"],"relatedModern":["th"]},{"dir":"ltr","status":"living","medium":["paper","wood blocks","stone","digital"],"related":[],"languages":["bo","dz"],"honorGate":false,"id":"tibetan","label":"Tibetan","type":"abugida","region":"Tibet · Himalaya","era":"c. 650 CE – present","unicode":{"blocks":["Tibetan"],"sample":"ཀ ཁ ག ང ཅ ཆ ཇ ཉ ཏ ཐ ད ན པ ཕ བ མ ཙ ཚ ཛ ཝ ཞ ཟ འ ཡ ར ལ ཤ ས ཧ ཨ","note":"30 Tibetan consonants (classical order)","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"abugida","letters":["ཀ","ཁ","ག","ང","ཅ","ཆ","ཇ","ཉ","ཏ","ཐ","ད","ན","པ","ཕ","བ","མ","ཙ","ཚ","ཛ","ཝ","ཞ","ཟ","འ","ཡ","ར","ལ","ཤ","ས","ཧ","ཨ"],"complete":true,"note":"30 Tibetan consonants (classical order)","case":"unicase","labels":null},"linkStatus":"living-iso-linked","livingLangs":["bo","dz"],"relatedModern":["bo","dz"]},{"dir":"ltr","status":"living","medium":["stone","paper","digital"],"related":[],"languages":["ber","tzm","shi"],"honorGate":false,"id":"tifiinagh","label":"Tifinagh","alt":["Neo-Tifinagh","Libyco-Berber"],"type":"alphabet","region":"North Africa · Amazigh","era":"ancient roots – present","unicode":{"blocks":["Tifinagh"],"sample":"ⴰ ⴱ ⴲ ⴳ ⴴ ⴵ ⴶ ⴷ ⴸ ⴹ ⴺ ⴻ ⴼ ⴽ ⴾ ⴿ ⵀ ⵁ ⵂ ⵃ ⵄ ⵅ ⵆ ⵇ ⵈ ⵉ ⵊ ⵋ ⵌ ⵍ ⵎ ⵏ ⵐ ⵑ ⵒ ⵓ ⵔ ⵕ ⵖ ⵗ ⵘ ⵙ ⵚ ⵛ ⵜ ⵝ ⵞ ⵟ ⵠ ⵡ ⵢ ⵣ ⵤ ⵥ ⵦ ⵧ","note":"Unicode Tifinagh","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"samples":[{"label":"a b g","text":"ⴰⴱⴳ"}],"alphabet":{"kind":"alphabet","letters":["ⴰ","ⴱ","ⴲ","ⴳ","ⴴ","ⴵ","ⴶ","ⴷ","ⴸ","ⴹ","ⴺ","ⴻ","ⴼ","ⴽ","ⴾ","ⴿ","ⵀ","ⵁ","ⵂ","ⵃ","ⵄ","ⵅ","ⵆ","ⵇ","ⵈ","ⵉ","ⵊ","ⵋ","ⵌ","ⵍ","ⵎ","ⵏ","ⵐ","ⵑ","ⵒ","ⵓ","ⵔ","ⵕ","ⵖ","ⵗ","ⵘ","ⵙ","ⵚ","ⵛ","ⵜ","ⵝ","ⵞ","ⵟ","ⵠ","ⵡ","ⵢ","ⵣ","ⵤ","ⵥ","ⵦ","ⵧ"],"complete":true,"note":"Tifinagh letters (IRCAM Neo-Tifinagh range)","case":"unicase","labels":null},"linkStatus":"living-iso-linked","livingLangs":["ber","tzm","shi"],"relatedModern":["ber","tzm","shi"]},{"dir":"ltr","status":"historical","medium":["textile","fiber"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"andean-tocapu","label":"Tocapu (Andean textile emblems)","type":"semasiographic","region":"Andes","era":"Inca & earlier","unicode":{"sample":null,"note":"Textile geometric motifs · not phonetic","sampleKind":"image-textile","representation":"image-textile"},"alphabet":{"kind":"media","letters":[],"complete":false,"note":"Tocapu textile motifs — semasiographic design language.","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["qu"],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Andean textile signs","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"historical","medium":["clay"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"ugaritic","label":"Ugaritic cuneiform alphabet","type":"abjad","region":"Ugarit · Levant","era":"c. 1400–1200 BCE","unicode":{"blocks":["Ugaritic"],"sample":"𐎀𐎁𐎂𐎃","note":"Unicode Ugaritic","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"samples":[{"label":"aleph-bet start","text":"𐎀𐎁𐎂"}],"alphabet":{"kind":"abjad","letters":["𐎀","𐎁","𐎂","𐎃","𐎄","𐎅","𐎆","𐎇","𐎈","𐎉","𐎊","𐎋","𐎌","𐎍","𐎎","𐎏","𐎐","𐎑","𐎒","𐎓","𐎔","𐎕","𐎖","𐎗","𐎘","𐎙","𐎚","𐎛","𐎜","𐎝"],"complete":true,"note":"30 Ugaritic cuneiform letters","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["ar","he"],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Ugaritic historical abjad","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"living","medium":["paper","digital"],"related":[],"languages":["vai"],"honorGate":false,"id":"vai","label":"Vai syllabary","type":"syllabary","region":"Liberia · Sierra Leone","era":"c. 1833 – present","unicode":{"blocks":["Vai"],"sample":"ꔀ ꔁ ꔂ ꔃ ꔄ ꔅ ꔆ ꔇ ꔈ ꔉ ꔊ ꔋ ꔌ ꔍ ꔎ ꔏ ꔐ ꔑ ꔒ ꔓ ꔔ ꔕ ꔖ ꔗ ꔘ ꔙ ꔚ ꔛ ꔜ ꔝ ꔞ ꔟ ꔠ ꔡ ꔢ ꔣ ꔤ ꔥ ꔦ ꔧ ꔨ ꔩ ꔪ ꔫ ꔬ ꔭ ꔮ ꔯ ꔰ ꔱ ꔲ ꔳ ꔴ ꔵ ꔶ ꔷ ꔸ ꔹ ꔺ ꔻ ꔼ ꔽ ꔾ ꔿ ꕀ ꕁ ꕂ ꕃ ꕄ ꕅ ꕆ ꕇ ꕈ ꕉ ꕊ ꕋ ꕌ ꕍ ꕎ ꕏ ꕐ ꕑ ꕒ ꕓ ꕔ ꕕ ꕖ ꕗ ꕘ ꕙ ꕚ ꕛ ꕜ ꕝ ꕞ ꕟ ꕠ ꕡ ꕢ ꕣ ꕤ ꕥ ꕦ ꕧ ꕨ ꕩ ꕪ ꕫ ꕬ ꕭ ꕮ ꕯ ꕰ ꕱ ꕲ ꕳ ꕴ ꕵ ꕶ ꕷ ꕸ ꕹ ꕺ ꕻ ꕼ ꕽ ꕾ ꕿ ꖀ ꖁ ꖂ ꖃ ꖄ ꖅ ꖆ ꖇ ꖈ ꖉ ꖊ ꖋ ꖌ ꖍ ꖎ ꖏ ꖐ ꖑ ꖒ ꖓ ꖔ ꖕ ꖖ ꖗ ꖘ ꖙ ꖚ ꖛ ꖜ ꖝ ꖞ ꖟ ꖠ ꖡ ꖢ ꖣ ꖤ ꖥ ꖦ ꖧ ꖨ ꖩ ꖪ ꖫ ꖬ ꖭ ꖮ ꖯ ꖰ ꖱ ꖲ ꖳ ꖴ ꖵ ꖶ ꖷ ꖸ ꖹ ꖺ ꖻ ꖼ ꖽ ꖾ ꖿ ꗀ ꗁ ꗂ ꗃ ꗄ ꗅ ꗆ ꗇ ꗈ ꗉ ꗊ ꗋ ꗌ ꗍ ꗎ ꗏ ꗐ ꗑ ꗒ ꗓ ꗔ ꗕ ꗖ ꗗ ꗘ ꗙ ꗚ ꗛ ꗜ ꗝ ꗞ ꗟ ꗠ ꗡ ꗢ ꗣ ꗤ ꗥ ꗦ ꗧ ꗨ ꗩ ꗪ ꗫ ꗬ ꗭ ꗮ ꗯ ꗰ ꗱ ꗲ ꗳ ꗴ ꗵ ꗶ ꗷ ꗸ ꗹ ꗺ ꗻ ꗼ ꗽ ꗾ ꗿ ꘀ ꘁ ꘂ ꘃ ꘄ ꘅ ꘆ ꘇ ꘈ ꘉ ꘊ ꘋ","note":"Vai syllables (Unicode Vai block core)","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"syllabary","letters":["ꔀ","ꔁ","ꔂ","ꔃ","ꔄ","ꔅ","ꔆ","ꔇ","ꔈ","ꔉ","ꔊ","ꔋ","ꔌ","ꔍ","ꔎ","ꔏ","ꔐ","ꔑ","ꔒ","ꔓ","ꔔ","ꔕ","ꔖ","ꔗ","ꔘ","ꔙ","ꔚ","ꔛ","ꔜ","ꔝ","ꔞ","ꔟ","ꔠ","ꔡ","ꔢ","ꔣ","ꔤ","ꔥ","ꔦ","ꔧ","ꔨ","ꔩ","ꔪ","ꔫ","ꔬ","ꔭ","ꔮ","ꔯ","ꔰ","ꔱ","ꔲ","ꔳ","ꔴ","ꔵ","ꔶ","ꔷ","ꔸ","ꔹ","ꔺ","ꔻ","ꔼ","ꔽ","ꔾ","ꔿ","ꕀ","ꕁ","ꕂ","ꕃ","ꕄ","ꕅ","ꕆ","ꕇ","ꕈ","ꕉ","ꕊ","ꕋ","ꕌ","ꕍ","ꕎ","ꕏ","ꕐ","ꕑ","ꕒ","ꕓ","ꕔ","ꕕ","ꕖ","ꕗ","ꕘ","ꕙ","ꕚ","ꕛ","ꕜ","ꕝ","ꕞ","ꕟ","ꕠ","ꕡ","ꕢ","ꕣ","ꕤ","ꕥ","ꕦ","ꕧ","ꕨ","ꕩ","ꕪ","ꕫ","ꕬ","ꕭ","ꕮ","ꕯ","ꕰ","ꕱ","ꕲ","ꕳ","ꕴ","ꕵ","ꕶ","ꕷ","ꕸ","ꕹ","ꕺ","ꕻ","ꕼ","ꕽ","ꕾ","ꕿ","ꖀ","ꖁ","ꖂ","ꖃ","ꖄ","ꖅ","ꖆ","ꖇ","ꖈ","ꖉ","ꖊ","ꖋ","ꖌ","ꖍ","ꖎ","ꖏ","ꖐ","ꖑ","ꖒ","ꖓ","ꖔ","ꖕ","ꖖ","ꖗ","ꖘ","ꖙ","ꖚ","ꖛ","ꖜ","ꖝ","ꖞ","ꖟ","ꖠ","ꖡ","ꖢ","ꖣ","ꖤ","ꖥ","ꖦ","ꖧ","ꖨ","ꖩ","ꖪ","ꖫ","ꖬ","ꖭ","ꖮ","ꖯ","ꖰ","ꖱ","ꖲ","ꖳ","ꖴ","ꖵ","ꖶ","ꖷ","ꖸ","ꖹ","ꖺ","ꖻ","ꖼ","ꖽ","ꖾ","ꖿ","ꗀ","ꗁ","ꗂ","ꗃ","ꗄ","ꗅ","ꗆ","ꗇ","ꗈ","ꗉ","ꗊ","ꗋ","ꗌ","ꗍ","ꗎ","ꗏ","ꗐ","ꗑ","ꗒ","ꗓ","ꗔ","ꗕ","ꗖ","ꗗ","ꗘ","ꗙ","ꗚ","ꗛ","ꗜ","ꗝ","ꗞ","ꗟ","ꗠ","ꗡ","ꗢ","ꗣ","ꗤ","ꗥ","ꗦ","ꗧ","ꗨ","ꗩ","ꗪ","ꗫ","ꗬ","ꗭ","ꗮ","ꗯ","ꗰ","ꗱ","ꗲ","ꗳ","ꗴ","ꗵ","ꗶ","ꗷ","ꗸ","ꗹ","ꗺ","ꗻ","ꗼ","ꗽ","ꗾ","ꗿ","ꘀ","ꘁ","ꘂ","ꘃ","ꘄ","ꘅ","ꘆ","ꘇ","ꘈ","ꘉ","ꘊ","ꘋ"],"complete":true,"note":"Vai syllables (Unicode Vai block core)","case":"unicase","labels":null},"linkStatus":"living-iso-linked","livingLangs":["vai"],"relatedModern":["vai"]},{"dir":"ltr","status":"ceremonial","medium":["shell bead","fiber"],"related":["inca-quipu"],"languages":[],"honorGate":true,"id":"wampum","label":"Wampum belts (bead records)","type":"semasiographic","region":"Haudenosaunee · northeastern Turtle Island","era":"centuries – present ceremonial","unicode":{"sample":null,"note":"Diplomatic/mnemonic belts · community knowledge keepers","sampleKind":"image-artifact","representation":"image-artifact"},"samples":[{"label":"medium","text":"quahog & whelk beads woven on warp","note":"living treaty technology"}],"alphabet":{"kind":"media","letters":[],"complete":false,"note":"Bead belt records — community knowledge keepers; not alphabetic.","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["moh","one"],"linkStatus":"ceremonial-no-ISO-primary","linkNote":"Haudenosaunee ceremonial","accounted":true},{"dir":"ltr","status":"living","medium":["paper","wood","digital"],"related":[],"languages":["ii"],"honorGate":false,"id":"yi","label":"Yi (Classical / modern syllabary)","type":"syllabary","region":"Southwest China · Nuosu","era":"classical centuries – present","unicode":{"blocks":["Yi Syllables"],"sample":"ꀀ ꀁ ꀂ ꀃ ꀄ ꀅ ꀆ ꀇ ꀈ ꀉ ꀊ ꀋ ꀌ ꀍ ꀎ ꀏ ꀐ ꀑ ꀒ ꀓ ꀔ ꀕ ꀖ ꀗ ꀘ ꀙ ꀚ ꀛ ꀜ ꀝ ꀞ ꀟ ꀠ ꀡ ꀢ ꀣ ꀤ ꀥ ꀦ ꀧ ꀨ ꀩ ꀪ ꀫ ꀬ ꀭ ꀮ ꀯ ꀰ ꀱ ꀲ ꀳ ꀴ ꀵ ꀶ ꀷ ꀸ ꀹ ꀺ ꀻ ꀼ ꀽ ꀾ ꀿ ꁀ ꁁ ꁂ ꁃ ꁄ ꁅ ꁆ ꁇ ꁈ ꁉ ꁊ ꁋ ꁌ ꁍ ꁎ ꁏ ꁐ ꁑ ꁒ ꁓ ꁔ ꁕ ꁖ ꁗ ꁘ ꁙ ꁚ ꁛ ꁜ ꁝ ꁞ ꁟ ꁠ ꁡ ꁢ ꁣ ꁤ ꁥ ꁦ ꁧ ꁨ ꁩ ꁪ ꁫ ꁬ ꁭ ꁮ ꁯ ꁰ ꁱ ꁲ ꁳ ꁴ ꁵ ꁶ ꁷ ꁸ ꁹ ꁺ ꁻ ꁼ ꁽ ꁾ ꁿ ꂀ ꂁ ꂂ ꂃ ꂄ ꂅ ꂆ ꂇ ꂈ ꂉ ꂊ ꂋ ꂌ ꂍ ꂎ ꂏ ꂐ ꂑ ꂒ ꂓ ꂔ ꂕ ꂖ ꂗ ꂘ ꂙ ꂚ ꂛ ꂜ ꂝ ꂞ ꂟ ꂠ ꂡ ꂢ ꂣ ꂤ ꂥ ꂦ ꂧ ꂨ ꂩ ꂪ ꂫ ꂬ ꂭ ꂮ ꂯ ꂰ ꂱ ꂲ ꂳ ꂴ ꂵ ꂶ ꂷ ꂸ ꂹ ꂺ ꂻ ꂼ ꂽ ꂾ ꂿ ꃀ ꃁ ꃂ ꃃ ꃄ ꃅ ꃆ ꃇ ꃈ ꃉ ꃊ ꃋ ꃌ ꃍ ꃎ ꃏ ꃐ ꃑ ꃒ ꃓ ꃔ ꃕ ꃖ ꃗ ꃘ ꃙ ꃚ ꃛ ꃜ ꃝ ꃞ ꃟ ꃠ ꃡ ꃢ ꃣ ꃤ ꃥ ꃦ ꃧ ꃨ ꃩ ꃪ ꃫ ꃬ ꃭ ꃮ ꃯ ꃰ ꃱ ꃲ ꃳ ꃴ ꃵ ꃶ ꃷ ꃸ ꃹ ꃺ ꃻ ꃼ ꃽ ꃾ ꃿ ꄀ ꄁ ꄂ ꄃ ꄄ ꄅ ꄆ ꄇ ꄈ ꄉ ꄊ ꄋ ꄌ ꄍ ꄎ ꄏ ꄐ ꄑ ꄒ ꄓ ꄔ ꄕ ꄖ ꄗ ꄘ ꄙ ꄚ ꄛ ꄜ ꄝ ꄞ ꄟ ꄠ ꄡ ꄢ ꄣ ꄤ ꄥ ꄦ ꄧ ꄨ ꄩ ꄪ ꄫ ꄬ ꄭ ꄮ ꄯ ꄰ ꄱ ꄲ ꄳ ꄴ ꄵ ꄶ ꄷ ꄸ ꄹ ꄺ ꄻ ꄼ ꄽ ꄾ ꄿ ꅀ ꅁ ꅂ ꅃ ꅄ ꅅ ꅆ ꅇ ꅈ ꅉ ꅊ ꅋ ꅌ ꅍ ꅎ ꅏ ꅐ ꅑ ꅒ ꅓ ꅔ ꅕ ꅖ ꅗ ꅘ ꅙ ꅚ ꅛ ꅜ ꅝ ꅞ ꅟ ꅠ ꅡ ꅢ ꅣ ꅤ ꅥ ꅦ ꅧ ꅨ ꅩ ꅪ ꅫ ꅬ ꅭ ꅮ ꅯ ꅰ ꅱ ꅲ ꅳ ꅴ ꅵ ꅶ ꅷ ꅸ ꅹ ꅺ ꅻ ꅼ ꅽ ꅾ ꅿ ꆀ ꆁ ꆂ ꆃ ꆄ ꆅ ꆆ ꆇ ꆈ ꆉ ꆊ ꆋ ꆌ ꆍ ꆎ ꆏ ꆐ ꆑ ꆒ ꆓ ꆔ ꆕ ꆖ ꆗ ꆘ ꆙ ꆚ ꆛ ꆜ ꆝ ꆞ ꆟ ꆠ ꆡ ꆢ ꆣ ꆤ ꆥ ꆦ ꆧ ꆨ ꆩ ꆪ ꆫ ꆬ ꆭ ꆮ ꆯ ꆰ ꆱ ꆲ ꆳ ꆴ ꆵ ꆶ ꆷ ꆸ ꆹ ꆺ ꆻ ꆼ ꆽ ꆾ ꆿ ꇀ ꇁ ꇂ ꇃ ꇄ ꇅ ꇆ ꇇ ꇈ ꇉ ꇊ ꇋ ꇌ ꇍ ꇎ ꇏ ꇐ ꇑ ꇒ ꇓ ꇔ ꇕ ꇖ ꇗ ꇘ ꇙ ꇚ ꇛ ꇜ ꇝ ꇞ ꇟ ꇠ ꇡ ꇢ ꇣ ꇤ ꇥ ꇦ ꇧ ꇨ ꇩ ꇪ ꇫ ꇬ ꇭ ꇮ ꇯ ꇰ ꇱ ꇲ ꇳ ꇴ ꇵ ꇶ ꇷ ꇸ ꇹ ꇺ ꇻ ꇼ ꇽ ꇾ ꇿ ꈀ ꈁ ꈂ ꈃ ꈄ ꈅ ꈆ ꈇ ꈈ ꈉ ꈊ ꈋ ꈌ ꈍ ꈎ ꈏ ꈐ ꈑ ꈒ ꈓ ꈔ ꈕ ꈖ ꈗ ꈘ ꈙ ꈚ ꈛ ꈜ ꈝ ꈞ ꈟ ꈠ ꈡ ꈢ ꈣ ꈤ ꈥ ꈦ ꈧ ꈨ ꈩ ꈪ ꈫ ꈬ ꈭ ꈮ ꈯ ꈰ ꈱ ꈲ ꈳ ꈴ ꈵ ꈶ ꈷ ꈸ ꈹ ꈺ ꈻ ꈼ ꈽ ꈾ ꈿ ꉀ ꉁ ꉂ ꉃ ꉄ ꉅ ꉆ ꉇ ꉈ ꉉ ꉊ ꉋ ꉌ ꉍ ꉎ ꉏ ꉐ ꉑ ꉒ ꉓ ꉔ ꉕ ꉖ ꉗ ꉘ ꉙ ꉚ ꉛ ꉜ ꉝ ꉞ ꉟ ꉠ ꉡ ꉢ ꉣ ꉤ ꉥ ꉦ ꉧ ꉨ ꉩ ꉪ ꉫ ꉬ ꉭ ꉮ ꉯ ꉰ ꉱ ꉲ ꉳ ꉴ ꉵ ꉶ ꉷ ꉸ ꉹ ꉺ ꉻ ꉼ ꉽ ꉾ ꉿ ꊀ ꊁ ꊂ ꊃ ꊄ ꊅ ꊆ ꊇ ꊈ ꊉ ꊊ ꊋ ꊌ ꊍ ꊎ ꊏ ꊐ ꊑ ꊒ ꊓ ꊔ ꊕ ꊖ ꊗ ꊘ ꊙ ꊚ ꊛ ꊜ ꊝ ꊞ ꊟ ꊠ ꊡ ꊢ ꊣ ꊤ ꊥ ꊦ ꊧ ꊨ ꊩ ꊪ ꊫ ꊬ ꊭ ꊮ ꊯ ꊰ ꊱ ꊲ ꊳ ꊴ ꊵ ꊶ ꊷ ꊸ ꊹ ꊺ ꊻ ꊼ ꊽ ꊾ ꊿ ꋀ ꋁ ꋂ ꋃ ꋄ ꋅ ꋆ ꋇ ꋈ ꋉ ꋊ ꋋ ꋌ ꋍ ꋎ ꋏ ꋐ ꋑ ꋒ ꋓ ꋔ ꋕ ꋖ ꋗ ꋘ ꋙ ꋚ ꋛ ꋜ ꋝ ꋞ ꋟ ꋠ ꋡ ꋢ ꋣ ꋤ ꋥ ꋦ ꋧ ꋨ ꋩ ꋪ ꋫ ꋬ ꋭ ꋮ ꋯ ꋰ ꋱ ꋲ ꋳ ꋴ ꋵ ꋶ ꋷ ꋸ ꋹ ꋺ ꋻ ꋼ ꋽ ꋾ ꋿ ꌀ ꌁ ꌂ ꌃ ꌄ ꌅ ꌆ ꌇ ꌈ ꌉ ꌊ ꌋ ꌌ ꌍ ꌎ ꌏ ꌐ ꌑ ꌒ ꌓ ꌔ ꌕ ꌖ ꌗ ꌘ ꌙ ꌚ ꌛ ꌜ ꌝ ꌞ ꌟ ꌠ ꌡ ꌢ ꌣ ꌤ ꌥ ꌦ ꌧ ꌨ ꌩ ꌪ ꌫ ꌬ ꌭ ꌮ ꌯ ꌰ ꌱ ꌲ ꌳ ꌴ ꌵ ꌶ ꌷ ꌸ ꌹ ꌺ ꌻ ꌼ ꌽ ꌾ ꌿ ꍀ ꍁ ꍂ ꍃ ꍄ ꍅ ꍆ ꍇ ꍈ ꍉ ꍊ ꍋ ꍌ ꍍ ꍎ ꍏ ꍐ ꍑ ꍒ ꍓ ꍔ ꍕ ꍖ ꍗ ꍘ ꍙ ꍚ ꍛ ꍜ ꍝ ꍞ ꍟ ꍠ ꍡ ꍢ ꍣ ꍤ ꍥ ꍦ ꍧ ꍨ ꍩ ꍪ ꍫ ꍬ ꍭ ꍮ ꍯ ꍰ ꍱ ꍲ ꍳ ꍴ ꍵ ꍶ ꍷ ꍸ ꍹ ꍺ ꍻ ꍼ ꍽ ꍾ ꍿ ꎀ ꎁ ꎂ ꎃ ꎄ ꎅ ꎆ ꎇ ꎈ ꎉ ꎊ ꎋ ꎌ ꎍ ꎎ ꎏ ꎐ ꎑ ꎒ ꎓ ꎔ ꎕ ꎖ ꎗ ꎘ ꎙ ꎚ ꎛ ꎜ ꎝ ꎞ ꎟ ꎠ ꎡ ꎢ ꎣ ꎤ ꎥ ꎦ ꎧ ꎨ ꎩ ꎪ ꎫ ꎬ ꎭ ꎮ ꎯ ꎰ ꎱ ꎲ ꎳ ꎴ ꎵ ꎶ ꎷ ꎸ ꎹ ꎺ ꎻ ꎼ ꎽ ꎾ ꎿ ꏀ ꏁ ꏂ ꏃ ꏄ ꏅ ꏆ ꏇ ꏈ ꏉ ꏊ ꏋ ꏌ ꏍ ꏎ ꏏ ꏐ ꏑ ꏒ ꏓ ꏔ ꏕ ꏖ ꏗ ꏘ ꏙ ꏚ ꏛ ꏜ ꏝ ꏞ ꏟ ꏠ ꏡ ꏢ ꏣ ꏤ ꏥ ꏦ ꏧ ꏨ ꏩ ꏪ ꏫ ꏬ ꏭ ꏮ ꏯ ꏰ ꏱ ꏲ ꏳ ꏴ ꏵ ꏶ ꏷ ꏸ ꏹ ꏺ ꏻ ꏼ ꏽ ꏾ ꏿ ꐀ ꐁ ꐂ ꐃ ꐄ ꐅ ꐆ ꐇ ꐈ ꐉ ꐊ ꐋ ꐌ ꐍ ꐎ ꐏ ꐐ ꐑ ꐒ ꐓ ꐔ ꐕ ꐖ ꐗ ꐘ ꐙ ꐚ ꐛ ꐜ ꐝ ꐞ ꐟ ꐠ ꐡ ꐢ ꐣ ꐤ ꐥ ꐦ ꐧ ꐨ ꐩ ꐪ ꐫ ꐬ ꐭ ꐮ ꐯ ꐰ ꐱ ꐲ ꐳ ꐴ ꐵ ꐶ ꐷ ꐸ ꐹ ꐺ ꐻ ꐼ ꐽ ꐾ ꐿ ꑀ ꑁ ꑂ ꑃ ꑄ ꑅ ꑆ ꑇ ꑈ ꑉ ꑊ ꑋ ꑌ ꑍ ꑎ ꑏ ꑐ ꑑ ꑒ ꑓ ꑔ ꑕ ꑖ ꑗ ꑘ ꑙ ꑚ ꑛ ꑜ ꑝ ꑞ ꑟ ꑠ ꑡ ꑢ ꑣ ꑤ ꑥ ꑦ ꑧ ꑨ ꑩ ꑪ ꑫ ꑬ ꑭ ꑮ ꑯ ꑰ ꑱ ꑲ ꑳ ꑴ ꑵ ꑶ ꑷ ꑸ ꑹ ꑺ ꑻ ꑼ ꑽ ꑾ ꑿ ꒀ ꒁ ꒂ ꒃ ꒄ ꒅ ꒆ ꒇ ꒈ ꒉ ꒊ ꒋ ꒌ","note":"Yi syllables — full modern Yi syllabary Unicode range (large)","sampleKind":"unicode-live"},"alphabet":{"kind":"syllabary","letters":["ꀀ","ꀁ","ꀂ","ꀃ","ꀄ","ꀅ","ꀆ","ꀇ","ꀈ","ꀉ","ꀊ","ꀋ","ꀌ","ꀍ","ꀎ","ꀏ","ꀐ","ꀑ","ꀒ","ꀓ","ꀔ","ꀕ","ꀖ","ꀗ","ꀘ","ꀙ","ꀚ","ꀛ","ꀜ","ꀝ","ꀞ","ꀟ","ꀠ","ꀡ","ꀢ","ꀣ","ꀤ","ꀥ","ꀦ","ꀧ","ꀨ","ꀩ","ꀪ","ꀫ","ꀬ","ꀭ","ꀮ","ꀯ","ꀰ","ꀱ","ꀲ","ꀳ","ꀴ","ꀵ","ꀶ","ꀷ","ꀸ","ꀹ","ꀺ","ꀻ","ꀼ","ꀽ","ꀾ","ꀿ","ꁀ","ꁁ","ꁂ","ꁃ","ꁄ","ꁅ","ꁆ","ꁇ","ꁈ","ꁉ","ꁊ","ꁋ","ꁌ","ꁍ","ꁎ","ꁏ","ꁐ","ꁑ","ꁒ","ꁓ","ꁔ","ꁕ","ꁖ","ꁗ","ꁘ","ꁙ","ꁚ","ꁛ","ꁜ","ꁝ","ꁞ","ꁟ","ꁠ","ꁡ","ꁢ","ꁣ","ꁤ","ꁥ","ꁦ","ꁧ","ꁨ","ꁩ","ꁪ","ꁫ","ꁬ","ꁭ","ꁮ","ꁯ","ꁰ","ꁱ","ꁲ","ꁳ","ꁴ","ꁵ","ꁶ","ꁷ","ꁸ","ꁹ","ꁺ","ꁻ","ꁼ","ꁽ","ꁾ","ꁿ","ꂀ","ꂁ","ꂂ","ꂃ","ꂄ","ꂅ","ꂆ","ꂇ","ꂈ","ꂉ","ꂊ","ꂋ","ꂌ","ꂍ","ꂎ","ꂏ","ꂐ","ꂑ","ꂒ","ꂓ","ꂔ","ꂕ","ꂖ","ꂗ","ꂘ","ꂙ","ꂚ","ꂛ","ꂜ","ꂝ","ꂞ","ꂟ","ꂠ","ꂡ","ꂢ","ꂣ","ꂤ","ꂥ","ꂦ","ꂧ","ꂨ","ꂩ","ꂪ","ꂫ","ꂬ","ꂭ","ꂮ","ꂯ","ꂰ","ꂱ","ꂲ","ꂳ","ꂴ","ꂵ","ꂶ","ꂷ","ꂸ","ꂹ","ꂺ","ꂻ","ꂼ","ꂽ","ꂾ","ꂿ","ꃀ","ꃁ","ꃂ","ꃃ","ꃄ","ꃅ","ꃆ","ꃇ","ꃈ","ꃉ","ꃊ","ꃋ","ꃌ","ꃍ","ꃎ","ꃏ","ꃐ","ꃑ","ꃒ","ꃓ","ꃔ","ꃕ","ꃖ","ꃗ","ꃘ","ꃙ","ꃚ","ꃛ","ꃜ","ꃝ","ꃞ","ꃟ","ꃠ","ꃡ","ꃢ","ꃣ","ꃤ","ꃥ","ꃦ","ꃧ","ꃨ","ꃩ","ꃪ","ꃫ","ꃬ","ꃭ","ꃮ","ꃯ","ꃰ","ꃱ","ꃲ","ꃳ","ꃴ","ꃵ","ꃶ","ꃷ","ꃸ","ꃹ","ꃺ","ꃻ","ꃼ","ꃽ","ꃾ","ꃿ","ꄀ","ꄁ","ꄂ","ꄃ","ꄄ","ꄅ","ꄆ","ꄇ","ꄈ","ꄉ","ꄊ","ꄋ","ꄌ","ꄍ","ꄎ","ꄏ","ꄐ","ꄑ","ꄒ","ꄓ","ꄔ","ꄕ","ꄖ","ꄗ","ꄘ","ꄙ","ꄚ","ꄛ","ꄜ","ꄝ","ꄞ","ꄟ","ꄠ","ꄡ","ꄢ","ꄣ","ꄤ","ꄥ","ꄦ","ꄧ","ꄨ","ꄩ","ꄪ","ꄫ","ꄬ","ꄭ","ꄮ","ꄯ","ꄰ","ꄱ","ꄲ","ꄳ","ꄴ","ꄵ","ꄶ","ꄷ","ꄸ","ꄹ","ꄺ","ꄻ","ꄼ","ꄽ","ꄾ","ꄿ","ꅀ","ꅁ","ꅂ","ꅃ","ꅄ","ꅅ","ꅆ","ꅇ","ꅈ","ꅉ","ꅊ","ꅋ","ꅌ","ꅍ","ꅎ","ꅏ","ꅐ","ꅑ","ꅒ","ꅓ","ꅔ","ꅕ","ꅖ","ꅗ","ꅘ","ꅙ","ꅚ","ꅛ","ꅜ","ꅝ","ꅞ","ꅟ","ꅠ","ꅡ","ꅢ","ꅣ","ꅤ","ꅥ","ꅦ","ꅧ","ꅨ","ꅩ","ꅪ","ꅫ","ꅬ","ꅭ","ꅮ","ꅯ","ꅰ","ꅱ","ꅲ","ꅳ","ꅴ","ꅵ","ꅶ","ꅷ","ꅸ","ꅹ","ꅺ","ꅻ","ꅼ","ꅽ","ꅾ","ꅿ","ꆀ","ꆁ","ꆂ","ꆃ","ꆄ","ꆅ","ꆆ","ꆇ","ꆈ","ꆉ","ꆊ","ꆋ","ꆌ","ꆍ","ꆎ","ꆏ","ꆐ","ꆑ","ꆒ","ꆓ","ꆔ","ꆕ","ꆖ","ꆗ","ꆘ","ꆙ","ꆚ","ꆛ","ꆜ","ꆝ","ꆞ","ꆟ","ꆠ","ꆡ","ꆢ","ꆣ","ꆤ","ꆥ","ꆦ","ꆧ","ꆨ","ꆩ","ꆪ","ꆫ","ꆬ","ꆭ","ꆮ","ꆯ","ꆰ","ꆱ","ꆲ","ꆳ","ꆴ","ꆵ","ꆶ","ꆷ","ꆸ","ꆹ","ꆺ","ꆻ","ꆼ","ꆽ","ꆾ","ꆿ","ꇀ","ꇁ","ꇂ","ꇃ","ꇄ","ꇅ","ꇆ","ꇇ","ꇈ","ꇉ","ꇊ","ꇋ","ꇌ","ꇍ","ꇎ","ꇏ","ꇐ","ꇑ","ꇒ","ꇓ","ꇔ","ꇕ","ꇖ","ꇗ","ꇘ","ꇙ","ꇚ","ꇛ","ꇜ","ꇝ","ꇞ","ꇟ","ꇠ","ꇡ","ꇢ","ꇣ","ꇤ","ꇥ","ꇦ","ꇧ","ꇨ","ꇩ","ꇪ","ꇫ","ꇬ","ꇭ","ꇮ","ꇯ","ꇰ","ꇱ","ꇲ","ꇳ","ꇴ","ꇵ","ꇶ","ꇷ","ꇸ","ꇹ","ꇺ","ꇻ","ꇼ","ꇽ","ꇾ","ꇿ","ꈀ","ꈁ","ꈂ","ꈃ","ꈄ","ꈅ","ꈆ","ꈇ","ꈈ","ꈉ","ꈊ","ꈋ","ꈌ","ꈍ","ꈎ","ꈏ","ꈐ","ꈑ","ꈒ","ꈓ","ꈔ","ꈕ","ꈖ","ꈗ","ꈘ","ꈙ","ꈚ","ꈛ","ꈜ","ꈝ","ꈞ","ꈟ","ꈠ","ꈡ","ꈢ","ꈣ","ꈤ","ꈥ","ꈦ","ꈧ","ꈨ","ꈩ","ꈪ","ꈫ","ꈬ","ꈭ","ꈮ","ꈯ","ꈰ","ꈱ","ꈲ","ꈳ","ꈴ","ꈵ","ꈶ","ꈷ","ꈸ","ꈹ","ꈺ","ꈻ","ꈼ","ꈽ","ꈾ","ꈿ","ꉀ","ꉁ","ꉂ","ꉃ","ꉄ","ꉅ","ꉆ","ꉇ","ꉈ","ꉉ","ꉊ","ꉋ","ꉌ","ꉍ","ꉎ","ꉏ","ꉐ","ꉑ","ꉒ","ꉓ","ꉔ","ꉕ","ꉖ","ꉗ","ꉘ","ꉙ","ꉚ","ꉛ","ꉜ","ꉝ","ꉞ","ꉟ","ꉠ","ꉡ","ꉢ","ꉣ","ꉤ","ꉥ","ꉦ","ꉧ","ꉨ","ꉩ","ꉪ","ꉫ","ꉬ","ꉭ","ꉮ","ꉯ","ꉰ","ꉱ","ꉲ","ꉳ","ꉴ","ꉵ","ꉶ","ꉷ","ꉸ","ꉹ","ꉺ","ꉻ","ꉼ","ꉽ","ꉾ","ꉿ","ꊀ","ꊁ","ꊂ","ꊃ","ꊄ","ꊅ","ꊆ","ꊇ","ꊈ","ꊉ","ꊊ","ꊋ","ꊌ","ꊍ","ꊎ","ꊏ","ꊐ","ꊑ","ꊒ","ꊓ","ꊔ","ꊕ","ꊖ","ꊗ","ꊘ","ꊙ","ꊚ","ꊛ","ꊜ","ꊝ","ꊞ","ꊟ","ꊠ","ꊡ","ꊢ","ꊣ","ꊤ","ꊥ","ꊦ","ꊧ","ꊨ","ꊩ","ꊪ","ꊫ","ꊬ","ꊭ","ꊮ","ꊯ","ꊰ","ꊱ","ꊲ","ꊳ","ꊴ","ꊵ","ꊶ","ꊷ","ꊸ","ꊹ","ꊺ","ꊻ","ꊼ","ꊽ","ꊾ","ꊿ","ꋀ","ꋁ","ꋂ","ꋃ","ꋄ","ꋅ","ꋆ","ꋇ","ꋈ","ꋉ","ꋊ","ꋋ","ꋌ","ꋍ","ꋎ","ꋏ","ꋐ","ꋑ","ꋒ","ꋓ","ꋔ","ꋕ","ꋖ","ꋗ","ꋘ","ꋙ","ꋚ","ꋛ","ꋜ","ꋝ","ꋞ","ꋟ","ꋠ","ꋡ","ꋢ","ꋣ","ꋤ","ꋥ","ꋦ","ꋧ","ꋨ","ꋩ","ꋪ","ꋫ","ꋬ","ꋭ","ꋮ","ꋯ","ꋰ","ꋱ","ꋲ","ꋳ","ꋴ","ꋵ","ꋶ","ꋷ","ꋸ","ꋹ","ꋺ","ꋻ","ꋼ","ꋽ","ꋾ","ꋿ","ꌀ","ꌁ","ꌂ","ꌃ","ꌄ","ꌅ","ꌆ","ꌇ","ꌈ","ꌉ","ꌊ","ꌋ","ꌌ","ꌍ","ꌎ","ꌏ","ꌐ","ꌑ","ꌒ","ꌓ","ꌔ","ꌕ","ꌖ","ꌗ","ꌘ","ꌙ","ꌚ","ꌛ","ꌜ","ꌝ","ꌞ","ꌟ","ꌠ","ꌡ","ꌢ","ꌣ","ꌤ","ꌥ","ꌦ","ꌧ","ꌨ","ꌩ","ꌪ","ꌫ","ꌬ","ꌭ","ꌮ","ꌯ","ꌰ","ꌱ","ꌲ","ꌳ","ꌴ","ꌵ","ꌶ","ꌷ","ꌸ","ꌹ","ꌺ","ꌻ","ꌼ","ꌽ","ꌾ","ꌿ","ꍀ","ꍁ","ꍂ","ꍃ","ꍄ","ꍅ","ꍆ","ꍇ","ꍈ","ꍉ","ꍊ","ꍋ","ꍌ","ꍍ","ꍎ","ꍏ","ꍐ","ꍑ","ꍒ","ꍓ","ꍔ","ꍕ","ꍖ","ꍗ","ꍘ","ꍙ","ꍚ","ꍛ","ꍜ","ꍝ","ꍞ","ꍟ","ꍠ","ꍡ","ꍢ","ꍣ","ꍤ","ꍥ","ꍦ","ꍧ","ꍨ","ꍩ","ꍪ","ꍫ","ꍬ","ꍭ","ꍮ","ꍯ","ꍰ","ꍱ","ꍲ","ꍳ","ꍴ","ꍵ","ꍶ","ꍷ","ꍸ","ꍹ","ꍺ","ꍻ","ꍼ","ꍽ","ꍾ","ꍿ","ꎀ","ꎁ","ꎂ","ꎃ","ꎄ","ꎅ","ꎆ","ꎇ","ꎈ","ꎉ","ꎊ","ꎋ","ꎌ","ꎍ","ꎎ","ꎏ","ꎐ","ꎑ","ꎒ","ꎓ","ꎔ","ꎕ","ꎖ","ꎗ","ꎘ","ꎙ","ꎚ","ꎛ","ꎜ","ꎝ","ꎞ","ꎟ","ꎠ","ꎡ","ꎢ","ꎣ","ꎤ","ꎥ","ꎦ","ꎧ","ꎨ","ꎩ","ꎪ","ꎫ","ꎬ","ꎭ","ꎮ","ꎯ","ꎰ","ꎱ","ꎲ","ꎳ","ꎴ","ꎵ","ꎶ","ꎷ","ꎸ","ꎹ","ꎺ","ꎻ","ꎼ","ꎽ","ꎾ","ꎿ","ꏀ","ꏁ","ꏂ","ꏃ","ꏄ","ꏅ","ꏆ","ꏇ","ꏈ","ꏉ","ꏊ","ꏋ","ꏌ","ꏍ","ꏎ","ꏏ","ꏐ","ꏑ","ꏒ","ꏓ","ꏔ","ꏕ","ꏖ","ꏗ","ꏘ","ꏙ","ꏚ","ꏛ","ꏜ","ꏝ","ꏞ","ꏟ","ꏠ","ꏡ","ꏢ","ꏣ","ꏤ","ꏥ","ꏦ","ꏧ","ꏨ","ꏩ","ꏪ","ꏫ","ꏬ","ꏭ","ꏮ","ꏯ","ꏰ","ꏱ","ꏲ","ꏳ","ꏴ","ꏵ","ꏶ","ꏷ","ꏸ","ꏹ","ꏺ","ꏻ","ꏼ","ꏽ","ꏾ","ꏿ","ꐀ","ꐁ","ꐂ","ꐃ","ꐄ","ꐅ","ꐆ","ꐇ","ꐈ","ꐉ","ꐊ","ꐋ","ꐌ","ꐍ","ꐎ","ꐏ","ꐐ","ꐑ","ꐒ","ꐓ","ꐔ","ꐕ","ꐖ","ꐗ","ꐘ","ꐙ","ꐚ","ꐛ","ꐜ","ꐝ","ꐞ","ꐟ","ꐠ","ꐡ","ꐢ","ꐣ","ꐤ","ꐥ","ꐦ","ꐧ","ꐨ","ꐩ","ꐪ","ꐫ","ꐬ","ꐭ","ꐮ","ꐯ","ꐰ","ꐱ","ꐲ","ꐳ","ꐴ","ꐵ","ꐶ","ꐷ","ꐸ","ꐹ","ꐺ","ꐻ","ꐼ","ꐽ","ꐾ","ꐿ","ꑀ","ꑁ","ꑂ","ꑃ","ꑄ","ꑅ","ꑆ","ꑇ","ꑈ","ꑉ","ꑊ","ꑋ","ꑌ","ꑍ","ꑎ","ꑏ","ꑐ","ꑑ","ꑒ","ꑓ","ꑔ","ꑕ","ꑖ","ꑗ","ꑘ","ꑙ","ꑚ","ꑛ","ꑜ","ꑝ","ꑞ","ꑟ","ꑠ","ꑡ","ꑢ","ꑣ","ꑤ","ꑥ","ꑦ","ꑧ","ꑨ","ꑩ","ꑪ","ꑫ","ꑬ","ꑭ","ꑮ","ꑯ","ꑰ","ꑱ","ꑲ","ꑳ","ꑴ","ꑵ","ꑶ","ꑷ","ꑸ","ꑹ","ꑺ","ꑻ","ꑼ","ꑽ","ꑾ","ꑿ","ꒀ","ꒁ","ꒂ","ꒃ","ꒄ","ꒅ","ꒆ","ꒇ","ꒈ","ꒉ","ꒊ","ꒋ","ꒌ"],"complete":false,"note":"Yi syllables — full modern Yi syllabary Unicode range (large)","case":"unicase","labels":null},"linkStatus":"living-iso-linked","livingLangs":["ii"],"relatedModern":["ii"]},{"dir":"ltr","status":"historical","medium":["stone"],"related":[],"languages":[],"honorGate":false,"id":"zapotec","label":"Zapotec script","type":"logosyllabic","region":"Oaxaca","era":"c. 500 BCE – 900 CE","unicode":{"sample":null,"note":"Partial readings · calendar & name glyphs","sampleKind":"image-corpus","representation":"image-corpus"},"alphabet":{"kind":"inventory","letters":[],"complete":false,"note":"Zapotec writing — logosyllabic inventory under active epigraphy.","case":"unicase","labels":null},"livingLangs":[],"relatedModern":["zap"],"linkStatus":"historical-no-living","linkNote":"Zapotec historical","accounted":true}],"ver":"2026.07.27-unicode-expand","metrics":{"schema":"kbatch-rosetta-metrics-v3","systems":92,"unicodeSample":73,"withRepresentation":92,"fullAlphabet":68,"languageLinked":34,"accountedSystems":92,"pctUnicode":79.35,"pctRepresentation":100.0,"pctLinkedLiving":36.96,"pctAccounted":100.0,"pctFullAlpha":73.91,"gapUnicode":19,"gapRepresentation":0,"gapUnaccounted":0,"gapFullAlpha":24,"honesty":"Unicode samples expanded where blocks exist; proxies marked sampleKind; image/semasiographic use representation not fake glyphs"}}